Đánh giá rủi ro từ việc nhập khẩu tảo biển thông qua buôn bán thủy sinh trong vùng biển Châu Âu

Biological Invasions - Tập 20 - Trang 1171-1187 - 2018
Sofie Vranken1,2, Samuel Bosch1,2, Viviana Peña3, Frederik Leliaert1,4, Frederic Mineur5, Olivier De Clerck1
1Research Group Phycology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
2Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), Ostend, Belgium
3BIOCOST Research Group, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Coruña, Spain
4Botanic Garden Meise, Meise, Belgium
5School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, UK

Tóm tắt

Nuôi trồng thủy sản và giao thông hàng hải đã được xác định là những vectơ chính cho việc xâm nhập của các loài sinh vật biển lạ. Ngoại trừ một trường hợp đáng chú ý của Caulerpa taxifolia, vai trò của thương mại bể cá đối với sự xâm nhập của các loài tảo biển lạ vẫn chưa được đánh giá đầy đủ. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi xem xét rủi ro từ việc giải phóng vô tình các loài tảo từ thị trường thương mại bể cá trong vùng nước Châu Âu. Chúng tôi đã đánh giá tầm quan trọng và sự đa dạng của các loài tảo trong vòng tròn bán lẻ bể cá trực tuyến tại Châu Âu. Khảo sát trên web của chúng tôi cho thấy có hơn 30 chi tảo biển được bán trực tuyến vào Châu Âu, bao gồm cả các loài được biết đến là đã xâm nhập và xâm lấn. Một khía cạnh thứ hai của nghiên cứu là mẫu hóa sự đa dạng tảo biển được tìm thấy trong các bể cá. Trong khi cho phép xác định trực tiếp và chính xác các mẫu vật, phương pháp này không chỉ nhắm tới các loài trang trí mà còn cả các loài tảo có thể vô tình xuất hiện trong hệ thống bể cá. Qua việc mã hóa DNA, chúng tôi đã xác định không dưới 134 taxon, trong đó có 7 loại được đánh dấu là đã xâm nhập vào Châu Âu và 5 loại được báo cáo là xâm lấn. Các mô hình bao khí hậu cho thấy ít nhất 23 loài bể cá có khả năng phát triển mạnh mẽ trong vùng nước Châu Âu. Như dự đoán do điều kiện nhiệt đới trong hầu hết các bể cá, các vùng phía nam Đại Tây Dương của Châu Âu và Địa Trung Hải là những khu vực dễ bị tổn thương nhất trước những cuộc xâm nhập mới. Các dự đoán thêm cho thấy rằng rủi ro này sẽ gia tăng và dịch chuyển về phía bắc khi quá trình nóng lên toàn cầu diễn ra. Tổng thể, dữ liệu của chúng tôi cho thấy thương mại bể cá tiềm ẩn rủi ro cho việc xâm nhập các loài tảo biển mới, và cần một cách tiếp cận thận trọng.

Từ khóa

#nuôi trồng thủy sản #tảo biển #xâm nhập sinh vật lạ #thương mại bể cá #Châu Âu #biến đổi khí hậu

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