A review on the effects of Allium sativum (Garlic) in metabolic syndrome
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Kassi E, Pervanidou P, Kaltsas G, Chrousos G (2011) Metabolic syndrome: definitions and controversies. BMC Med 9:48
Talha J, Priyanka MAA (2011) Hypertension and herbal plants. Int Res J Pharm 2:26–30
Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H (2014) A review of the effects of Nigella sativa L. and its constituent, thymoquinone, in metabolic syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 37:1031–1040
Hosseinzadeh H, Nassiri-Asl M (2014) Review of the protective effects of rutin on the metabolic function as an important dietary flavonoid. J Endocrinol Invest 37:783–788
Mikaili P, Maadirad S, Moloudizargari M, Aghajanshakeri S, Sarahroodi S (2013) therapeutic uses and pharmacological properties of garlic, shallot, and their biologically active compounds. Iran J Basic Med Sci 16:1031–1048
Hosseinzadeh H, Behravan J, Ramezani M, Sarafraz S, Taghiabadi E (2011) Study of anti-tumor effect of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Allium sativum (garlic) cloves using potato disc bioassay. Pharmacologyonline 21:881–888
Islam MS, Kusumoto Y, Al-Mamun MA (2011) Cytotoxicity and cancer (HeLa) cell killing efficacy of aqueous garlic (Allium sativum) extract. J Sci Res 3:375–382
Tsubura A, Lai YC, Kuwata M, Uehara N, Yoshizawa K (2011) Anticancer effects of garlic and garlic-derived compounds for breast cancer control. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 11:249–253
Goncagul G, Ayaz E (2010) Antimicrobial effect of garlic (Allium sativum) and traditional medicine. J Anim Vet Adv 9:1–4
Panpatil V, Tattari S, Kota N, Nimgulkar C, Polasa K (2013) In vitro evaluation on antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of spice extracts of ginger, turmeric and garlic. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2:143–148
Newmat O, Muhitdinov A, Aminov S, Aliyev X (2013) Anti-inflammatory activity of garlic oil extract. Med Health Sci J 14:84–86
Hosseinzadeh H, Sadati N (2003) The protective effect of Allium sativum L. Clove aqueous and methanolic extracts against hypoxia-induced lethality in mice. Phytother Res 17:279–281
Perelló A, Noll U, Slusarenko AJ (2013) In vitro efficacy of garlic extract to control fungal pathogens of wheat. J Med Plant Res 7:1809–1817
Motsei ML, Lindsey KL, Staden JV, Jager AK (2003) Screening of traditionally used South African plants for antifungal activity against Candida albicans. J Ethnopharmacol 86:235–241
Aala F, Yusuf UK, Khodavandi A, Jamal F (2010) In vitro antifungal activity of allicin alone and in combination with two medications against six dermatophytic fungi African J. Microbiol Res 4:380–385
Clement F, Siddanakoppalu NP, Yeldur PV (2010) Identity of the immunomodulatory proteins from garlic (Allium sativum) with the major garlic lectins or agglutinins. Int Immunopharmacol 10:316–324
Dash P, Yadav S, Sahoo PK (2014) Immunoadjuvant effect of garlic (Allium sativum)–mineral oil suspension on immunity and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in rohu, Labeo rohita. Int Aquat Res 6:167–173
Tattelman E, Einstein A (2005) Health effects of garlic. Am Fam Physician 72:103–106
Majewski M (2014) Allium sativum: facts and myths regarding human health. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig 65(1):1–8
Deshpande AD, Harris-Hayes M, Schootman M (2008) Epidemiology of diabetes and diabetes-related complications. Phys Ther 88:1254–1264
Ghorbani A (2013) Best herbs for managing diabetes: a review of clinical studies. Braz J Pharm Sci 49:413–422
Ghorbani A (2013) Phytotherapy for diabetic dyslipidemia: evidence from clinical trials. Clin Lipidol 8:311–319
Kamyab H, Hejrati S, Khanavi M, Malihi F, Mohammadrad A, Baeeri M (2010) Hepatic mechanisms of the walnut antidiabetic effect in mice. Cent Eur J Biol 5:304–309
Shafiee-Nich R, Parizadeh SMR, Zokaei N, Ghorbani (2011) A effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of vaccinium arctostaphylos on insulin release from rat-isolated langerhans islets. Koomesh 12:447–452
Shafiee-Nich R, Parizadeh SMR, Zokaei N, Ghorbani (2012) Effects of Ganoderma lucidum hydroalcoholic extract on insulin release in rat-isolated pancreatic islets. Avicenna J Phytomed 2:206–211
Sheela CG, Augusti KT (1992) Antidiabetic effects of S-allyl cysteine sulphoxide isolated from garlic Allium sativum Linn. Indian J Exp Biol 30:523–526
Sheela CG, Kumud K, Augusti KT (1995) Antidiabetic effects of onion and garlic sulfoxide amino acids in rats. Planta Med 61:356–357
Kasuga S, Ushijima M, Morihara N (1999) Effect of aged garlic extract (AGE) on hyperglycemia induced by immobilization stress in mice. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 1999:191–197
Liu C-T, Hse H, Lii C-K, Chen P-S, Sheen L-Y (2005) Effects of garlic oil and diallyl trisulfide on glycemic control in diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 516:165–173
Mathew PT, Augusti KT (1973) Studies on the effect of allicin (diallyl disulphide-oxide) on alloxan diabetes: Part I—Hypoglycaemic action and enhancement of serum insulin effect and glycogen synthesis. Indian J Biochem Biophys 10:209–212
Hashem RM, Mahmoud MF, El-Moselhy MA, Soliman HM (2008) Interleukin-10 to tumor necrosis factor-alpha ratio is a predictive biomarker in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: interleukin-10 to tumor necrosis factor-alpha ratio in steatohepatitis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 20:995–1001
Rajanikanth V, Maheswara P, Raju TN (2008) Attenuation of streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress in hepatic and intestinal tissues of wistar rat by methanolic-garlic extract. Acta Diabetol 45:243–251
Mariee AD, Abd-Allah GM, El-Yamany MF (2009) Renal oxidative stress and nitric oxide production in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats: the possible modulatory effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.). Biotechnol Appl Biochem 52:227–232
Islam MS, Choi H (2008) Comparative effects of dietary ginger (Zingiber officinale) and garlic (Allium sativum) investigated in a type 2 diabetes model of rats. J Med Food 11:152–159
Liu CT, Wong PL, Lii CK, Hse H, Sheen LY (2006) Antidiabetic effect of garlic oil but not diallyl disulfide in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Food Chem Toxicol 44:1377–1384
Eidi A, Eidi M, Esmaeili E (2006) Antidiabetic effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Phytomedicine 13:624–629
Musabayane CT, Bwititi PT, Ojewole JA (2006) Effects of oral administration of some herbal extracts on food consumption and blood glucose levels in normal and streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 28:223–228
Tripathi P, Gupta PP, Lal VK (2013) Effect of Co-administration of Allium sativum extract and metformin on blood glucose of Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol 2:81–84
Thomson M, Al-Amin ZM, Al-Qattan KK, Shaban LH, Ali M (2007) Anti-diabetic and hypolipidaemic properties of garlic (Allium sativum) in stereptozotocin- induced diabetic rats. Int J Diabetes Metabol 15:108–115
Mahesar H, Bhutto MA, Khand AA, Narejo NT (2010) Garlic used as an alternative medicine to control diabetic mellitus in alloxan-induced male rabbits. Pak J Physiol 6:39–41
Albajali AA, Nagi AH, Shahzad M, Ullah MI, Hussain S (2011) Effect of Allium sativa L. on pancreatic β. cells in comparison to Nigella sativa L. in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J Med Plants Res 5:5779–5784
Osman M, Adnan A, Bakar NS, Alashkham F (2012) Allicin has significant effect on autoimmune anti-islet cell antibodies in type 1 diabetic rats. Pol J Pathol 63:248–254
Alashkham FA, Osman MT, Adnan A, Bakar NS (2013) Histopathological and biochemical effects of Allium sativum oil administration on type 1 diabetic rats. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci 4:1045–1053
Sobenin IA, Nedosugova LV, Filatova LV, Balabolkin MI, Gorchakova TV, Orekhov AN (2008) Metabolic effects of time-released garlic powder tablets in type 2 diabetes mellitus: the results of double-blinded placebo-controlled study. Acta Diabetol 45:1–6
Mirunalini S, Krishnaveni M, Ambily (2011) Effects of raw garlic on hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pharmacologyonline 2:968–974
Varma M, Sharma DK, Paaneri S, Mishra A, Sinha ARS, Varma V (2011) Potential clinical benefits of garlic. J Environ Res Dev 5:652–655
Ashraf R, Khan RA, Ashraf I (2011) Garlic supplementation with standard antidiabetic agent provides better diabetic control in type 2 diabetes patients. Pak J Pharm Sci 24:565–570
Borrelli F, Capasso R, Izzo AA (2007) Garlic (Allium sativum L.): adverse effects and drug interactions in humans. Mol Nutr Food Res 51:1386–1397
Padiya R, Banerjee SK (2013) Garlic as an anti-diabetic agent: recent progress and patent reviews. Recent Pat Food Nutr Agric 5:105–127
Augusti KT, Sheela CG (1996) Antiperoxide effect of S-allyl cysteine sulfoxide, an insulin secretagogue, in diabetic rats. Cell Mol Life Sci 52:115–119
Anwar MM, Meki ARMA (2003) Oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: effects of garlic oil and melatonin. Comp Biochem Physiol A 135:539–547
Qidwai W, Ashfaq T (2013) Role of garlic usage in cardiovascular disease prevention: an evidence-based approach. Evid Based Complement Altern Med 2013:1–9
Suchetha Kumari N, Rai Mohandas, Paramesha S, Damodara KM, Vidhya GG (2011) Effect of garlic on total antioxidants in alloxan induced diabetes mellitus rats. Int J Biomed Adv Res 43:57–63
Belemkar S, Dhameliya K, Pata MK (2013) Comparative study of garlic species (Allium sativum and Allium porrum) on glucose uptake in diabetic rats. Ind J Clin Biochem 8:80–85
Younas J, Hussain F (2014) In vitro antidiabetic evaluation of Allium sativum L. Int J Chem Biochem Sci 5:22–25
WHO (2011) Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Fact sheet no. 317. World Health Organization, Geneva
Sobenin IA, Andrianova IV, Demidova ON, Gorchakova T, Orekhov AN (2008) Lipid-lowering effects of time-released garlic powder tablets in double-blinded placebo-controlled randomized study. J Atheroscler Thromb 15:334–338
WHO (2011) Hypertension fact sheet. Department of Sustainable Development and healthy Environments, World Health Organization, Geneva
NHLBI (2011) What is high blood pressure. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda
Chen ZY, Peng C, Jiao R, Wong YM, Yang N, Huang Y (2009) Anti-hypertensive nutraceuticals and functional foods. J Agric Food Chem 57:4485–4499
Al-Qattan KK, Alnaqeeb MA, Ali M (1999) The antihypertensive effect of garlic (A. sativum) in the rat two-kidney–one-clip Goldblatt model. J Ethnopharmacol 66:217–222
Nwokocha CR, Ozolua RI, Owu DU, Nwokocha MI, Ugwu AC (2011) Antihypertensive properties of Allium sativum (garlic) on normotensive and two kidney one clip hypertensive rats. Niger J Physiol Sci 26:213–218
Asdaq SM, Inamdar MN (2010) Potential of garlic and its active constituent, S-allyl cysteine, as antihypertensive and cardioprotective in presence of captopril. Phytomedicine 17:1016–1026
Sharifi A, Darabi R, Akbarloo N (2003) Investigation of antihypertensive mechanism of garlic in 2K1C hypertensive rat. J Ethnopharmacol 86:219–224
Simons LA, Balasubramaniam S, Konigsmark M, Parfitt A, Simons J, Peters W (1995) On the effect of garlic on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in mild hypercholesterolaemia. Atherosclerosis 113:219–225
Ackermann RT, Mulrow CD, Ramirez G, Gardner CD, Morbidoni L, Lawrence VA (2001) Garlic shows promise for improving some cardiovascular risk factors. Arch Intern Med 161:813–824
Steiner M, Khan AH, Holbert D, Lin RI (1996) A double-blind crossover study in moderately hypercholesterolemic men that compared the effect of aged garlic extract and placebo administration on blood lipids. Am J Clin Nutr 64:866–870
Nakasone Y, Nakamura Y, Yamamoto Tand Yamaguchi H (2013) Effect of a traditional Japanese garlic preparation on blood pressure in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults. Exp Ther Med 5:399–405
Ried K, Frank OR, Stocks NP (2013) Aged garlic extract reduces blood pressure in hypertensives: a dose–response trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 67:64–70
Reinhart KM, Coleman CI, Teevan C, Vachhani P, White CM (2008) Effects of garlic on blood pressure in patients with and without systolic hypertension: a meta-analysis. Ann Pharmacother 42:1766–1771
Cheng WL, Ke YN, Shi ZX, Wang Y, Chen L, Ju G (2006) Clinical study on effect of Garlicin in stabilizing the carotid artery atherosclerotic plaque in patients with primary hypertension and coronary artery disease. Chin J Integr Med 12:166–170
Macan H, Uykimpang R, Alconcel M, Takasu J, Razon R, Amagase H (2006) Aged garlic extract may be safe for patients on warfarin therapy. J Nutr 136:793S–795S
Jabbari A, Argani H, Ghorbanihaghjo A, Mahdavi R (2005) Comparison between swallowing and chewing of garlic on levels of serum lipids, cyclosporine, creatinine and lipid peroxidation in renal transplant recipients. Lipids Health Dis 4:11
Dhawan V, Jain S (2004) Effect of garlic supplementation on oxidized low density lipoproteins and lipid peroxidation in patients of essential hypertension. Mol Cell Biochem 266:109–115
Durak l, Kavutcub M, Aytac B, Avcı A, Devrima E, Ozbekc H, Ozturk HS (2004) Effects of garlic extract consumption on blood lipid and oxidant/antioxidant parameters in humans with high blood cholesterol. J Nutr Biochem 15:373–377
Ziaei S, Hantoshzadeh S, Rezasoltani P, Lamyian M (2001) The effect of garlic tablet on plasma lipids and platelet aggregation in nulliparous pregnants at high risk of pre-eclampsia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 99:201–206
Mortazavi M, Tohidi M, Rahbani-Nobar M (2001) Evaluation of serum levels of lipids and lipoproteins in kidney-transplanted patients. Transpl Proceed 33:2689–2690
Liu C, Cao F, Tang QZ, Yan L, Dong YG, Zhu LH (2010) Allicin protects against cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis via attenuating reactive oxygen species-dependent signaling pathways. J Nutr Biochem 21:1238–1250
Ide N, Lau BH (2001) Garlic compounds minimize intracellular oxidative stress and inhibit nuclear factor-kappa b activation. J Nutr 131:1020S–1026S
Ahmad FU, Sattar MA, Rathore HA, Abdullah MH, Tan S, Abdullah NA (2012) Exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) reduces blood pressure and prevents the progression of diabetic nephropathy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Ren Fail 34:203–210
Benavides GA, Squadrito GL, Mills RW, Patel HD, Isbell TS, Patel RP (2007) Hydrogen sulfide mediates the vasoactivity of garlic. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:17977–17982
Ku DD, Abdel-Razek TT, Dai J, Kim-Park S, Fallon MB, Abrams GA (2002) Garlic and its active metabolite allicin produce endothelium- and nitric oxide-dependent relaxation in rat pulmonary arteries. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 29:84–91
Seutsuna K (1998) Isolation and characterization of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor dipeptides derived from Allium sativum L (garlic). J Nutr Biochem 9:415–419
Musunuru K (2010) Atherogenic dyslipidemia: cardiovascular risk and dietary intervention. Lipids 45:907–914
Jain RC (1975) Onion and garlic an experimental cholesterol atherosclerosis in rabbits. Artery 1:115–125
Jain RC (1977) Effect of garlic on serum lipids, coagulability and fibrinolytic activity of blood. Am J Clin Nutr 30:1380–1381
Bordia A, Verma SK, Vyas AK, Khabya BL, Rathore AS, Bhu N, Bedi HK (1977) Effect of essential oil of onion and garlic on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. Atherosclerosis 26:379–386
Kamanna VS, Chandrasekhara N (1984) Hypocholesteromic activity of different fractions of garlic. Indian J Med Res 79:580–583
Mand JK, Gupta PP, Soni GL, Singh R (1985) Effect of garlic on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. Indian Heart J 37:183–188
Iweala EE, Akubugwo EI, Okeke CU (2005) Effect of ethanolic extracts of Allium sativum linn. Liliaceae on serum cholesterol and blood sugar levels of alibino rabbits. Plant Product Res J 9:14–18
Efendy JL, Simmons DL, Campbell GR, Campbell JH (1997) The effect of the aged garlic extract, ‘Kyolic’, on the development of experimental atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 132:37–42
Campbell JH, Efendy JL, Smith NJ, Campbell GR (2001) Molecular basis by which garlic suppresses atherosclerosis. J Nutr 131:1006S–1009S
Chang MLW, Johnson MA (1980) Effect of garlic on carbohydrate metabolism and lipid synthesis in rats. J Nutr 110:931–936
Rajasree CR, Rajmohan T, Agusti KT (1999) Biochemical effects of garlic on lipid metabolism in alcohol fed rats. Ind J Exp Biol 37:243–247
Mathew BC, Daniel RS (1996) Hypolipidemic effect of garlic protein substituted for caseinin diet of rats compared to those of garlic oil. Indian J Exp Biol 34:337–340
Qureshi AA, Din ZZ, Abuirameileh N, Burger WC, Ahmed Y, Elson CE (1983) Suppression of avian hepatic lipid metabolism by solvent extracts of garlic: impact on serum lipids. J Nutr 113:1746–1755
Kamanna VS, Chandrasekhara N (1982) Effect of garlic on serum lipoproteins cholesterol levels in albino rats rendered hypercholesteremic by feeding cholesterol. Lipids 17:483–488
Chi MS (1982) Effect of garlic products on lipid metabolism in cholesterol-fed rats. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 171:174–178
Chi MS, Koh ET, Stewart TJ (1982) Effect of garlic on lipid metabolism in rats fed cholesterol or lard. J Nutr 112:241–248
Aouadi R, Aouidet’ A, Elkadhi A, Rayana CB, Jaafoura’ H, Tritar B, Nagati K (2000) Effect of fresh garlic (Allium sativum) on lipid metabolism in male rats. Nutr Res 20:273–280
Shrivastava A, Chaturvedi U, Sonkar R, Saxena JK, Khanna AK, Bhatia G (2011) Antidyslipidemic, antiatherogenic and antioxidant activity of Allium sativum in Charles Foster rats. Int J Curr Pharm Rev Res (IJCPR) 2:110–119
Emmanuel U, James O (2011) Comparative effects of aqueous garlic (Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa) extracts on some haematological and lipid indices of rats. Annu Rev Res Biol 1:37–44
Hassan HA (2012) Effect of garlic (A. sativum) extract on lipid profile in rats. DJPS 8:83–88
Gorinstein S, Leontowicz H, Leontowicz M, Drzewiecki J, Najman K, Katrich E, Barasch D, Yamamoto K (2006) Raw and boiled garlic enhances plasma antioxidant activity and improves plasma lipid metabolism in cholesterol-fed rats. Life Sci 78:655–663
Al-Numair KS (2009) Hypocholesteremic and antioxidant effects of garlic (Allium sativum L.) extract in rats fed high cholesterol diet. Pak J Nutr 8:161–166
Ali M, Al-Qattan KK, Al-Enezi F, Khanafer RMA, Mustafa T (2000) Effect of allicin from garlic powder on serum lipids and blood pressure in rats fed with a high cholesterol diet. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 62:253–259
Warshafsky S, Kamer RS, Sivak SL (1993) Effect of garlic on total serum cholesterol, a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 119:599–605
Silagy CA, Neil HA (1994) A meta-analysis of the effect of garlic on blood pressure. J Hypertens 12:463–468
Kojuri J, Vosoughi AR, Majid Akrami (2007) Effects of anethum graveolens and garlic on lipid profile in hyperlipidemic patients. Lipids Health Dis 6:5
Durak ˙l, Aytac B, Atmaca Y, Devrim E, Avcıa A, Erol C, Oral D (2004) Effects of garlic extract consumption on plasma and erythrocyte antioxidant parameters in atherosclerotic patients. Life Sci 75:1959–1966
Sobenin IA, Pryanishnikov VV, Kunnova LM, Rabinovich YA, Martirosyan DM, Orekhov AN (2010) The effects of time-released garlic powder tablets on multifunctional cardiovascular risk in patients with coronary artery disease. Lipids Health Dis 9:119
Ashraf R, Aamir K, Shaikh AR, Ahmed T (2005) Effects of garlic on dislipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 17:60–64
Williams MJ, Sutherland WH, McCormick MP, Yeoman DJ, de Jong SA (2005) Aged garlic extract improves endothelial function in men with coronary artery disease. Phytother Res 19:314–319
Turner B, Molgaard C, Marckmann P (2004) Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) powder tablets on serum lipids, blood pressure and arterial stiffness in normo-lipidaemic volunteers: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Nutr 92:701–706
Yeh Yu-Yan, Liu L (2001) Cholesterol lowering effect of garlic extracts and organosulfur compounds: human and animal studies. J Nutr 131:989S–993S
Munday JS, James KA, Fray LM, Kirkwood SW, Thompson KG (1999) Daily supplementation with aged garlic extract, but not raw garlic, protects low density lipoprotein against in vitro oxidation. Atherosclerosis 143:399–404
Lewin G, Popov I (1994) Antioxidant effects of aqueous garlic extract. 2nd communication: inhibition of the Cu (2+)-initiated oxidation of low density lipoproteins. Arzneimittelforschung 44:604–607
Lau Benjamin HS (2001) Suppression of LDL oxidation by garlic. J Nutr 131:958S–988S
Gebhardt R, Beck H (1996) Differential inhibitory effects of garlic derived organosulfur compounds on cholesterol biosynthesis in primary rat hepatocyte culture. Lipids 31:1269–1276
Gierach M, Gierach J, Ewertowska M, Arndt A, Junik R (2014) Correlation between body mass index and waist circumference in patients with metabolic syndrome. ISRN Endocrinol 2014:514589
Armitage JA, Poston L, Taylor PD (2008) Developmental origins of obesity and the metabolic syndrome: the role of maternal obesity. Front Horm Res 36:73–84
Park YS, Yoon Y, Ahn HS (2007) Platycodon grandiflorum extract represses up-regulated adipocyte fatty acid binding protein triggered by a high fat feeding in obese rats. World J Gastroenterol 13:3493–3499
Sharifi F, Sheikhi A, Behdad M, Mousavinasab N (2010) Effect of garlic on serum adiponectin and interleukin levels in women with metabolic syndrome. Int J Endocrinol Metab 8:68–73
Kim Y, Lee MS, Kim JS, Lee HS (2007) Garlic decreases body weight via decrease of serum lipid and increase of uncoupling proteins mRNA expression. FASEB 21:lb277
Kim I, Kim JY, Hwang YJ, Hwang KA, Om AS, Kim JH, Cho KJ (2011) The beneficial effects of aged black garlic extract on obesity and hyperlipidemia in rats fed a high-fat diet. J Med Plants Res 5:3159–3168
Kim I, Kim HR, Kim JH, Om AS (2013) Beneficial effects of Allium sativum L. stem extract on lipid metabolism and antioxidant status in obese mice fed a high-fat diet. J Sci Food Agric 93:2749–2757
Joo Y, Kim CT, Kim IH, Kim Y (2013) Anti-obesity effects of hot water extract and high hydrostatic pressure extract of garlic in rats fed a high-fat diet. Food Chem Toxicol 55:100–105
Lee MS, Kim IH, Kim CT, Kim Y (2011) Reduction of body weight by dietary garlic is associated with an increase in uncoupling protein mRNA expression and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in diet-induced obese mice. J Nutr 141:1947–1953