A Naturalistic Study of the Effect of Acupuncture on Heart-Rate Variability

McCorry, 2007, Physiology of the autonomic nervous system, Am J Pharm Educ, 71, 78, 10.5688/aj710478 Straub, 2006, The role of the sympathetic nervous system in intestinal inflammation, Gut, 55, 1640, 10.1136/gut.2006.091322 Aich, 2006, Modern approaches to understanding stress and disease susceptibility: A review with special emphasis on respiratory disease, Int J Gen Med, 2, 19 Hui, 2009, Acupuncture mobilizes the brain’s default mode and its anti-correlated network in healthy subjects, Brain Res, 1287, 84, 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.06.061 Nishijo, 1997, Decreased heart rate by acupuncture stimulation in humans via facilitation of cardiac vagal activity and suppression of cardiac sympathetic nerve, Neurosci Lett, 227, 165, 10.1016/S0304-3940(97)00337-6 Wang, 2002, An alternative method to enhance vagal activities and suppress sympathetic activities in humans, Auton Neurosci, 100, 90, 10.1016/S1566-0702(02)00150-9 Kimura, 2008, The effect of electro-acupuncture stimulation on rhythm of autonomic nervous system in dogs, J Vet Med Sci, 70, 349, 10.1292/jvms.70.349 Sakatani, 2010, Effects of acupuncture on autonomic nervous function and prefrontal cortex activity, Adv Exp Med Biol, 662, 455, 10.1007/978-1-4419-1241-1_65 Lee, 2010, Acupuncture and heart rate variability: A systematic review, Auton Neurosci, 155, 5, 10.1016/j.autneu.2010.02.003 Stein, 1999, Insights from the study of heart rate variability, Annu Rev Med, 50, 249, 10.1146/annurev.med.50.1.249 Litscher, 2007, Bioengineering assessment of acupuncture, part 7: heart rate variability, Crit Rev Biomed Eng, 35, 183, 10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.v35.i3-4.10 Malliani, 1991, Cardiovascular neural regulation explored in the frequency domain, Circulation, 84, 482, 10.1161/01.CIR.84.2.482 Vanderlei, 2009, Basic notions of heart rate variability and its clinical applicability, Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc, 24, 205, 10.1590/S0102-76382009000200018 Harnod, 2008, Heart rate variability in children with refractory generalized epilepsy, Seizure, 17, 297, 10.1016/j.seizure.2007.09.002 Pagani, 1999, Chronic fatigue syndrome: a hypothesis focusing on the autonomic nervous system, Clin Sci, 96, 117, 10.1042/CS19980139 Kim, 2004, Heart rate dynamics and their relationship to psychotic symptom severity in clozapine-treated schizophrenic subjects, Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 28, 371, 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2003.11.007 Austin, 2007, Borderline personality disorder and emotion regulation: insights from the polyvagal theory, Brain Cogn, 65, 69, 10.1016/j.bandc.2006.05.007 Kemp, 2010, Impact of depression and antidepressant treatment on heart rate variability: a review and meta-analysis, Biol Psychiatry, 67, 1067, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.12.012 Schwartz, 2008, Long-term vagal stimulation in patients with advanced heart failure: first experience in man, Eur J Heart Fail, 10, 884, 10.1016/j.ejheart.2008.07.016 Udupa, 2007, Alteration of cardiac autonomic functions in patients with major depression: a study using heart rate variability measures, J Affect Disord, 100, 137, 10.1016/j.jad.2006.10.007 Beekwilder, 2010, Overview of the clinical application of vagus nerve stimulation, J Clin Neurophysiol, 27, 130, 10.1097/WNP.0b013e3181d64d8a Nahas, 2005, Two-year outcome of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for treatment of major depressive episodes, J Clin Psychiatry, 66, 1097, 10.4088/JCP.v66n0902 Zheng, 2009, Acupuncture as a treatment for functional dyspepsia: design and methods of a randomized controlled trial, Trials, 10, 75, 10.1186/1745-6215-10-75 VanWormer, 2008, The effects of acupuncture on cardiac arrhythmias: a literature review, Heart Lung, 37, 425, 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2007.11.002 Richman, 2000, Physiological time-series analysis using approximate entropy and sample entropy, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 278, H2039, 10.1152/ajpheart.2000.278.6.H2039 Norris, 2008, Reduced heart rate multiscale entropy predicts death in critical illness: a study of physiologic complexity in 285 trauma patients, J Crit Care, 23, 399, 10.1016/j.jcrc.2007.08.001 Zhuang, 2008, Nonlinear short-term heart rate variability prediction of spontaneous ventricular tachyarrhythmia, Chinese Sci Bull, 53, 2446, 10.1007/s11434-008-0345-y Kumar, 2010, Entropy-based detection of epileptic seizures with artificial neural network classifiers, Expert Systems with Applications, 37, 3284, 10.1016/j.eswa.2009.09.051 Goldberger, 1997, Fractal variability versus pathologic periodicity: complexity loss and stereotypy in disease, Perspect Biol Med, 40, 543, 10.1353/pbm.1997.0063 Goldberger, 2002, What is physiologic complexity and how does it change with aging and disease?, Neurobiol Aging, 23, 23, 10.1016/S0197-4580(01)00266-4 Wik, 1986, Repeated dexamethasone suppression test in healthy volunteers, Nord J Psychiatry, 48, 189, 10.3109/08039489409081358 Brage, 2005, Reliability and validity of the combined heart rate and movement sensor Actiheart, Eur J Clin Nutr, 59, 561, 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602118 Tallgren, 2005, Evaluation of commercially available electrodes and gels for recording of slow EEG potentials, Clin Neurophysiol, 116, 799, 10.1016/j.clinph.2004.10.001 Goldberger, 2000, Physiobank, physiotoolkit, and physionet: components of a new research resource for complex physiologic signals, Circulation, 101, E215, 10.1161/01.CIR.101.23.e215 Litscher, 2009, Modernization of traditional acupuncture using multimodal computer-based high-tech methods - recent results of blue laser and teleacupuncture from the Medical University of Graz, J Acupunct Meridian Stud, 2, 202, 10.1016/S2005-2901(09)60056-X Litscher, 2010, Asian-Austrian high-tech acupuncture research network. Transcontinental and translational high-tech acupuncture research using computer-based heart rate and “Fire of Life” heart rate variability analysis, J Acupunct Meridian Stud, 3, 156, 10.1016/S2005-2901(10)60031-3 Imai, 2008, Effects of electroacupuncture on gastric motility and heart rate variability in conscious rats, Auton Neurosci, 138, 91, 10.1016/j.autneu.2007.11.003 Li, 2005, Effects of acupuncture on heart rate variability in normal subjects under fatigue and non-fatigue state, Eur J Appl Physiol, 94, 633, 10.1007/s00421-005-1362-z Liao, 1995, Age, race, and sex differences in autonomic cardiac function measured by spectral analysis of heart rate variability - the ARIC study: atherosclerosis risk in communities, Am J Cardiol, 76, 906, 10.1016/S0002-9149(99)80260-4 Arai, 2008, The effect of acupressure at the extra 1 point on subjective and autonomic responses to needle insertion, Anesth Analg, 107, 661, 10.1213/ane.0b013e31817b8495 Castellanos, 2005, Varieties of attention-deficit-/hyperactivity-disorder-related intra-individual variability, Biol Psychiatry, 57, 1416, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.12.005 Scheffer, 2009, Early-warning signals for critical transitions, Nature, 461, 53, 10.1038/nature08227 Tuzcu, 2006, Decrease in the heart rate complexity prior to the onset of atrial fibrillation, Europace, 8, 398, 10.1093/europace/eul031 Maestri, 2007, Assessing nonlinear properties of heart rate variability from short-term recordings: are these measurements reliable?, Physiol Meas, 28, 1067, 10.1088/0967-3334/28/9/008 Richman, 2004, Sample entropy, Methods Enzymol, 384, 172, 10.1016/S0076-6879(04)84011-4