Incorporating white clover (Trifolium repens L.) into perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) swards receiving varying levels of nitrogen fertilizer: Effects on milk and herbage production
Tài liệu tham khảo
Alexander, 2008
Andrews, 2007, Use of white clover as an alternative to nitrogen fertiliser for dairy pastures in nitrate vulnerable zones in the UK: Productivity, environmental impact and economic considerations, Ann. Appl. Biol., 151, 11, 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2007.00137.x
AOAC, 1990, Vol. 1
Beecher, 2015, The variation in morphology of perennial ryegrass cultivars throughout the grazing season and effects on organic matter digestibility, Grass Forage Sci., 70, 19, 10.1111/gfs.12081
Blaser, 1964, Symposium on forage utilization: Effects of fertility levels and stage of maturity on forage nutritive value, J. Anim. Sci., 23, 246, 10.2527/jas1964.231246x
Buxton, 1996, Quality-related characteristics of forages as influenced by plant environment and agronomic factors, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 59, 37, 10.1016/0377-8401(95)00885-3
Chapman, 2017, An economically based evaluation index for perennial and short-term ryegrasses in New Zealand dairy farm systems, Grass Forage Sci., 72, 1, 10.1111/gfs.12213
Clark, 2007, Issues and options for future dairy farming in New Zealand. New Zeal, J. Agric. Res. (Lahore), 50, 203
Clark, D. A. and Harris, S. L., 1996. White clover or nitrogen fertiliser for dairying? Agron. Society of New Zealand No. 11/Grassland Research and Practice Series No. 6:107–114.
Cuttle, 1992, Nitrate leaching from sheep-grazed grass/clover and fertilized grass pastures, J. Agric. Sci., 119, 335, 10.1017/S002185960001217X
Davies, 1992, White clover, Biologist–Institute of Biology, 39, 129
Dewhurst, 2003, Comparison of grass and legume silages for milk production. 2. In vivo and in sacco evaluations of rumen function, J. Dairy Sci., 86, 2612, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73856-9
Dillon, 1995, The effect of calving date and stocking rate on the performance of spring-calving dairy cows, Grass Forage Sci., 50, 286, 10.1111/j.1365-2494.1995.tb02324.x
Dillon, 2008, Future outlook for the Irish dairy industry: A study of international competitiveness, influence of international trade reform and requirement for change, Int. J. Dairy Technol., 61, 16, 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2008.00374.x
Dillon, 1989, Herbage and dosed alkanes as a grass measurement technique for dairy cows, Irish. J. Agric. Res. (Lahore), 28, 104
Egan, 2017, Including white clover in nitrogen fertilized perennial ryegrass swards: effects on dry matter intake and milk production of spring calving dairy cows, J. Agric. Sci., 155, 657, 10.1017/S0021859616000952
Enriquez-Hidalgo, 2014, Milk production and enteric methane emissions by dairy cows grazing fertilized perennial ryegrass pasture with or without inclusion of white clover, J. Dairy Sci., 97, 1400, 10.3168/jds.2013-7034
Enriquez-Hidalgo, 2016, Herbage and nitrogen yields, fixation and transfer by white clover to companion grasses in grazed swards under different rates of nitrogen fertilization, Grass Forage Sci., 71, 559, 10.1111/gfs.12201
Enriquez-Hidalgo, 2014, Effect of rotationally grazing perennial ryegrass white clover or perennial ryegrass only swards on dairy cow feeding behaviour, rumen characteristics and sward depletion patterns, Livest. Sci., 169, 48, 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.09.002
European Council, 2010, Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes, Off. J. Eur. Union L, 276
Finneran, 2012, Economic modelling of an integrated grazed and conserved perennial ryegrass forage production system, Grass Forage Sci., 67, 162, 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2011.00832.x
Frame, 1987, The effect of fertilizer nitrogen rate, white clover variety and closeness of cutting on herbage productivity from perennial ryegrass/white clover swards, Grass Forage Sci., 42, 85, 10.1111/j.1365-2494.1987.tb02094.x
Frame, 1987, The effect of strategic use of fertilizer nitrogen in spring and/or autumn on the productivity of a perennial ryegrass/white clover sward, Grass Forage Sci., 42, 429, 10.1111/j.1365-2494.1987.tb02133.x
Frame, 1986, Agronomy of White Clover, Adv. Agron., 40, 1, 10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60280-1
Fulkerson, 2007, Nutritive value of forage species grown in the warm temperate climate of Australia for dairy cows: Grasses and legumes, Livest. Sci., 107, 253, 10.1016/j.livsci.2006.09.029
Ganche, 2013, Direct and carryover effect of post-grazing sward height on total lactation dairy cow performance, Animal, 7, 1390, 10.1017/S1751731113000451
Hameleers, 1998, The use of n-Alkanes to estimate herbage intake and diet composition by dairy cows offered a perennial ryegrass/white clover mixture, Grass Forage Sci., 53, 164, 10.1046/j.1365-2494.1998.5320164.x
Hanrahan, 2017, PastureBase Ireland: A grassland decision support system and national database, Comput. Electron. Agric., 136, 193, 10.1016/j.compag.2017.01.029
Harris, 1998, Effect of white clover content in the diet on herbage intake, milk production and milk composition of New Zealand dairy cows housed indoors, J. Dairy Res., 65, 389, 10.1017/S0022029998002969
Harris, 1996, Effect of high rates of nitrogen fertiliser on white clover growth, morphology, and nitrogen fixation activity in grazed dairy pasture in northern New Zealand, New Zeal. J. Agric. Res. (Lahore), 39, 149, 10.1080/00288233.1996.9513173
Harris, 1997, Optimum white clover content for dairy pastures, Proc. New Zeal. Grassl. Assoc., 59, 29, 10.33584/jnzg.1997.59.2261
Harris, 1997, Optimum white clover content for milk production, Proc New Zeal Soc An., 57, 169
Harris, S. L., D. A. Clark, C. D. Waugh, and F. H. Clarkson 1996. Nitrogen fertiliser effects on white clover in dairy pastures. Agronomy Society of New Zealand No. 11/Grassland Research and Practice Series No. 6:119–124.
Hennessy, 2008, Manipulation of herbage production by altering the pattern of applying nitrogen fertilizer, Grass Forage Sci., 62, 152, 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2007.00622.x
Hoogendoorn, 1992, Grass Forage Sci., 47, 316, 10.1111/j.1365-2494.1992.tb02277.x
Humphreys, 2009, Comparison of milk production from clover-based and fertiliser N-based grassland on clay-loam soil under moist temperate climatic conditions, Ir. J. Agric. Food Res., 48, 189
Humphreys, 2008, Nitrogen flows and balances in four grassland-based systems of dairy production on a clay-loam soil in a moist temperate climate, Grass Forage Sci., 63, 467, 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2008.00660.x
Kennedy, 2009, Effect of restricted access time to pasture on dairy cow milk production, grazing behavior, and dry matter intake, J. Dairy Sci., 92, 168, 10.3168/jds.2008-1091
Laidlaw, 1980, The effects of nitrogen fertilizer applied in spring on swards of ryegrass sown with four cultivars of white clover, Grass Forage Sci., 35, 295, 10.1111/j.1365-2494.1980.tb01526.x
Lawrence, 2015
Leach, 2000, The establishment and performance of a dairy system based on perennial ryegrass—White clover swards compared with a system based on nitrogen fertilized grass, Biol. Agric. Hortic., 17, 207, 10.1080/01448765.2000.9754843
Ledgard, 2009, Environmental impacts of grazed clover/grass pastures, Ir. J. Agric. Food Res., 48, 209
Ledgard, 2001, Nitrogen fixation by white clover in pastures grazed by dairy cows: Temporal variation and effects of nitrogen fertiliser, Plant Soil, 229, 177, 10.1023/A:1004833804002
Ledgard, 1992, Biological nitrogen fixation in mixed legume/grass pastures, Plant Soil, 141, 137, 10.1007/BF00011314
Lowman, 1973
Macduff, 1990, Nitrates: Leaching from grazed grassland systems, 405
Mayes, 1986, The use of dosed and herbage n-alkanes as markers for the determination of herbage intake, J. Agric. Sci., 107, 161, 10.1017/S0021859600066910
McKenzie, 2003, Long-term effects of multiple applications of nitrogen fertiliser on grazed dryland perennial ryegrass/white clover dairy pastures in south-west Victoria. 1. Nitrogen fixation by white clover, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 54, 461, 10.1071/AR02187
Minson, 1990
Morgan, 1989, Modified neutral detergent cellulase digestibility procedure for use with the'Fibertec'system. Irish, J. Agric. Res. (Lahore), 28, 91
Moseley, 1984, The physical digestion of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens) in the foregut of sheep, Br. J. Nutr., 52, 381, 10.1079/BJN19840104
Nassiri, 1998, Competition in perennial ryegrass-white clover mixtures under cutting. 2. Leaf characteristics, light interception and dry matter production during regrowth, Grass Forage Sci., 53, 367, 10.1046/j.1365-2494.1998.00152.x
NRC, 2001
Nyfeler, 2011, Grass–legume mixtures can yield more nitrogen than legume pure stands due to mutual stimulation of nitrogen uptake from symbiotic and non-symbiotic sources, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 140, 155, 10.1016/j.agee.2010.11.022
O'Donovan, 2002, Visual Assessment of Herbage Mass, Ir. J. Agric. Food Res., 41, 201
O'Donovan, 2011, Requirements of future grass-based ruminant production systems in Ireland, Ir. J. Agric. Food Res., 50, 1
Patton, 2012, A biological and economic comparison of 2 pasture-based production systems on a wetland drumlin soil in the northern region of Ireland, J. Dairy Sci., 95, 484, 10.3168/jds.2011-4558
Penno, 2000, Profitable milk production from pasture, Irish J. Anim. Prod. Assoc., 34, 78
Phelan, 2013, The effect of target postgrazing height on sward clover content, herbage yield, and dairy production from grass-white clover pasture, J. Dairy Sci., 96, 1598, 10.3168/jds.2012-5936
Phillips, 1998, The use of individual dairy cows as replicates in the statistical analysis of their behaviour at pasture, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 60, 365
Phillips, 1998, The effects of including white clover in perennial ryegrass swards and the height of mixed swards on the milk production, sward selection and ingestive behaviour of dairy cows, Anim. Sci., 67, 195, 10.1017/S1357729800009954
Rattray, 1974, Nutritive value of white clover and perennial ryegrass. New Zeal, J. Agric. Res. (Lahore), 17, 401
Reid, 1970, The effects of a wide range of nitrogen application rates on the yields from a perennial ryegrass sward with and without white clover, J. Agric. Sci., 74, 227, 10.1017/S002185960002284X
Reid, 1965, The response of grass-clover and pure-grass leys to irrigation and fertiliser nitrogen treatment, J. Agric. Sci., 65, 109, 10.1017/S0021859600085415
Ribeiro Filho, 2005, Herbage intake and milk yield of dairy cows grazing perennial ryegrass swards or white clover/perennial ryegrass swards at low- and medium-herbage allowances, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 119, 13, 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2004.12.009
Riberio Filho, 2003, Inclusion of white clover in strip-grazed perennial ryegrass swards: herbage intake and milk yield of dairy cows at different ages of sward regrowth, Anim. Sci., 77, 499, 10.1017/S1357729800054448
Salaün, 1999, In situ degradation of perennial rye grass from grazed pastures during the season at two levels of nitrogen fertilization, Ann. Zootech., 48, 35, 10.1051/animres:19990104
Schils, 2000, The performance of a white clover based dairy system in comparison with a grass/fertiliser-N system. II. Animal production, economics and environment, Wageningen J. Life Sci., 48, 305, 10.1016/S1573-5214(00)80020-2
Schils, 1999, Dry-matter yield and herbage quality of a perennial ryegrass/white clover sward in a rotational grazing and cutting system, Grass Forage Sci., 54, 19, 10.1046/j.1365-2494.1999.00143.x
Teagasc
Thomson, 1984, The nutritive value of white clover, 78
Thomson, 1985, Yield and composition of milk from Friesian cows grazing either perennial ryegrass or white clover in early lactation, J. Dairy Res., 52, 17, 10.1017/S0022029900023852
Thomson, D. J., and W. F. Raymond. 1970. White clover in animal production: nutritional factors: A review. Pages 277–284 in Proc. Occasional Symposium 6 of the British Grassland Society.
Ulyatt, 1977, The nutritive value of legumes, Proc. New Zeal. Grassl. Assoc., 38, 107
Ulyatt, 1981, The feeding value of temperate pastures, Anim. Sci., B1, 125
Ulyatt, 1988, The digestion of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Melle) and white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Blanca) by grazing cattle, Br. J. Nutr., 60, 137, 10.1079/BJN19880083
Van Soest, 1994
Van Soest, 1991, Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition, J. Dairy Sci., 74, 3583, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
Whitehead, 1995
Williams, 2003, Long-term performance of white clover varieties grown with perennial ryegrass under rotational grazing by sheep with different nitrogen applications, J. Agric. Sci., 140, 151, 10.1017/S0021859603002958
Wilman, 1985, Effects of white clover and fertilizer nitrogen on herbage production and chemical composition and soil water, J. Agric. Sci., 104, 453, 10.1017/S0021859600044166
Wilson, 1996, Plant and animal constraints to voluntary feed intake associated with fibre characteristics and particle breakdown and passage in ruminants, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 47, 199, 10.1071/AR9960199
Wims, 2014, Effect of pre-grazing herbage mass on dairy cow performance, grass dry matter production and output from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) pastures, Animal, 8, 141, 10.1017/S1751731113001973
Wims, 2013, Effect of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars on the milk yield of grazing dairy cows, Animal, 7, 410, 10.1017/S1751731112001814
Woodward, 2001, Milksolids production from different combinations of perennial ryegrass and white clover cultivars: II Milksolids production and farm profitability, Proc. New Zeal. Grassl. Assoc., 97, 10.33584/jnzg.2001.63.2437
Yu, 2008, Population relationships of perennial ryegrass and white clover mixtures under differing grazing intensities, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 124, 40, 10.1016/j.agee.2007.08.010
Brereton, 1995, Regional and year to year variation in production, 12