Energy-optimal Batching periods for asynchronous multistage data processing on sensor nodes: foundations and an mPlatform case study

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 48 - Trang 135-165 - 2011
Dong Wang1, Tarek Abdelzaher1, Bodhi Priyantha2, Jie Liu2, Feng Zhao2
1Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
2Networked Embedded Computing, Microsoft Research, Redmond, USA

Tóm tắt

This paper derives energy-optimal batching periods for asynchronous multistage data processing on sensor nodes in the sense of minimizing energy consumption while meeting end-to-end deadlines. Batching the processing of (sensor) data maximizes processor sleep periods, hence minimizing the wakeup frequency and the corresponding overhead. The algorithm is evaluated on mPlatform, a next-generation heterogeneous sensor node platform equipped with both a low-end microcontroller (MSP430) and a higher-end embedded systems processor (ARM). Experimental results show that the total energy consumption of mPlatform, when processing data flows at their optimal batching periods, is up to 35% lower than that for uniform period assignment. Moreover, processing data at the appropriate processor can use as much as 80% less energy than running the same task set on the ARM alone and 25% less energy than running the task set on the MSP430 alone.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Acquaviva A, Benini L, Riccò B (2001) Processor frequency setting for energy minimization of streaming multimedia application. In: CODES, pp 249–253

Agarwal Y, Hodges S, Scott J, Chandra R, Bahl P, Gupta R (2009) Augmenting network interfaces to reduce pc energy usage. In: USENIX symposium on networked systems design and implementation (NSDI ’09)

Baruah S (2004) Cost efficient synthesis of real-time systems upon heterogeneous multiprocessor platforms. In: Proc of 18th international parallel and distributed processing symposium (IPDPS’04), pp 120–128

Benini L, Bogliolo A, De Micheli G (2002) A survey of design techniques for system-level dynamic power management, pp 231–248

Benveniste A, Caspi P, Edwards S, Halbwachs N, Le Guernic P, de Simone R (2003) The synchronous languages 12 years later. Proc IEEE 91(1):64–83

Bhattacharyya SS, Murthy PK, Lee EA (1999) Synthesis of embedded software from synchronous dataflow specifications. J VLSI Signal Process Syst 21(2):151–166

Buck JT (1993) Scheduling dynamic dataflow graphs with bounded memory using the token flow model. PhD thesis

Cai L, Lu Y-H (2004) Dynamic power management using data buffers. In: DATE ’04: Proceedings of the conference on design, automation and test in Europe, Washington, DC, USA. IEEE Computer Society, New York, pp 526–531

Cao Q, Wang D, Abdelzaher T, Priyantha B, Liu J, Zhao F (2010) Energy-optimal batching periods for asynchronous multistage data processing on sensor nodes: foundations and an mPlatform case study. In: IEEE RTAS, Stockholm, Sweden. IEEE Computer Society, New York

Chao L-F, Sha EH-M (1997) Scheduling data-flow graphs via retiming and unfolding. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 8(12):1259–1267

Chu D, Popa L, Tavakoli A, Hellerstein JM, Levis P, Shenker S, Stoica I (2007) The design and implementation of a declarative sensor network system. In: SenSys ’07: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on embedded networked sensor systems. ACM, New York, pp 175–188

Girod L, Jamieson K, Mei Y, Newton R, Rost S, Thiagarajan A, Balakrishnan H, Madden S (2006) Wavescope: a signal-oriented data stream management system. In: SenSys ’06: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on embedded networked sensor systems. ACM, New York, pp 421–422

Goraczko M, Liu J, Lymberopoulos D, Matic S, Priyantha B, Zhao F (2008) Energy-optimal software partitioning in heterogeneous multiprocessor embedded systems. In: DAC, pp 191–196

Ha S, Lee EA (1997) Compile-time scheduling of dynamic constructs in dataflow program graphs. IEEE Trans Comput 46(7):768–778

Henzinger TA, Horowitz B, Kirsch CM (2001) Giotto: a time-triggered language for embedded programming. In: EMSOFT, pp 166–184

Jin Y, Satish N, Ravindran K, Keutzer K (2005) An automated exploration framework for FPGA-based soft multiprocessor systems. In: CODES+ISSS. ACM, New York, pp 273–278

Khemka A, Shyamasundar RK (1997) An optimal multiprocessor real-time scheduling algorithm. J Parallel Distrib Comput 43(1):37–45

Krishna CM, Lee Y-H (2000) Voltage-clock-scaling adaptive scheduling techniques for low power in hard real-time systems. In: RTAS, pp 156–165

Lee EA, Messerschmitt DG (1987) Static scheduling of synchronous data flow programs for digital signal processing. IEEE Trans Comput 36(1):24–35

Lu Y-H, Benini L, Micheli GD (2002) Dynamic frequency scaling with buffer insertion for mixed workloads. IEEE Trans CAD Integr Circuits Syst 21(11):1284–1305

Luo J, Jha, NK (2000) Power-conscious joint scheduling of periodic task graphs and aperiodic tasks in distributed real-time embedded systems. In: ICCAD. IEEE Press, New York, pp 357–364

Lymberopoulos D, Priyantha B, Zhao F (2007) mPlatform: a reconfigurable architecture and efficient data sharing mechanism for modular sensor nodes. In: IPSN ’07

Lymberopoulos D, Priyantha NB, Goraczko M, Zhao F (2008) Towards energy efficient design of multi-radio platforms for wireless sensor networks. In: IPSN ’08

Ning X, Cassandras CG (2007) Message batching in wireless sensor networks—a perturbation analysis approach. In: Proceedings of the 46th IEEE conference on decision and control

Pavlovski C, Boyd C (199) Efficient batch signature generation using tree structures. Technical Report CrypTEC’99, City University of Hong Kong

Sengul C, Bakht M, Harris AF, Abdelzaher T, Kravets R (2008) Improving energy conservation using bulk transmission over high-power radios in sensor networks. In: ICDCS ’08

Shin Y, Choi K, Sakurai T (2000) Power optimization of real-time embedded systems on variable speed processors. In: CAD, pp 365–368

Shih E, Bahl P, Sinclair MJ (2002) Wake on wireless: an event driven energy saving strategy for battery operated devices. In: MobiCom ’02: Proceedings of the 8th annual international conference on mobile computing and networking

Sivanthi T, Killat U (2004) Global scheduling of periodic tasks in a decentralized real-time control system. In: IEEE IWFCS. IEEE Press, New York

Sorber J, Banerjee N, Corner MD, Rollins S (2005) Turducken: hierarchical power management for mobile devices. In: MobiSys ’05: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on mobile systems, applications, and services

Vapnyarskii I (2001) Lagrange multipliers. In: Hazewinkel M (ed) Encyclopaedia of mathematics. Springer, Berlin

Whitehouse K, Zhao F, Liu J (2006) Semantic streams: a framework for composable semantic interpretation of sensor data. In: EWSN, pp 5–20

Youn T-Y, Park Y-H, Kwon T, Kwon S, Lim JJ (2008) Efficient flexible batch signing techniques for imbalanced communication applications. IEICE Trans Inf Syst, pp 1481–1484, May 2008

Zheng W, Chong J, Pinello C, Kanajan S, Sangiovanni-Vincentelli AL (2005) Extensible and scalable time triggered scheduling. In: ACSD. IEEE Computer Society, New York, pp 132–141

Zhong L, Jha H (2004) Dynamic power optimization of interactive systems. In: 17th International conference on VLSI design, pp 1041–1047

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Tập 48

135-165

Thông tin tác giả