Pelleting of broiler diets: An overview with emphasis on pellet quality and nutritional value

Abdollahi, 2010, Influence of conditioning temperature on the performance, nutrient utilisation and digestive tract development of broilers fed on maize- and wheat-based diets, Br. Poult. Sci., 51, 648, 10.1080/00071668.2010.522557 Abdollahi, 2010, Influence of conditioning temperature on performance, apparent metabolisable energy, ileal digestibility of starch and nitrogen and the quality of pellets, in broiler starters fed maize- and sorghum-based diets, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 162, 106, 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.08.017 Abdollahi, 2011, Influence of feed form and conditioning temperature on performance, apparent metabolisable energy and ileal digestibility of starch and nitrogen in broiler starters fed wheat-based diet, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 168, 88, 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.03.014 Abdollahi, 2012, Effect of improved pellet quality from the addition of a pellet binder and/or moisture to a wheat-based diet conditioned at two different temperatures on performance, apparent metabolisable energy and ileal digestibility of starch and nitrogen in broilers, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 175, 150, 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.05.001 Abdollahi, M.R., Ravindran, V., Wester, T.J., Ravindran, G., Thomas, D.V. Influence of pellet diameter and length on the quality of pellets and, performance, nutrient utilisation and digestive tract development of broilers fed wheat-based diets. Br. Poult. Sci., in press. Abdollahi, 2012, The effect of manipulation of pellet size (diameter and length) on pellet quality and performance, apparent metabolisable energy and ileal nutrient digestibility in broilers fed maize-based diets, Anim. Prod. Sci. Acar, 1991, Effect of improved pellet quality from using a calcium lignosulphonate binder on performance and carcass yield of broilers reared under different marketing schemes, Poult. Sci., 70, 1339, 10.3382/ps.0701339 Agah, 2008, Effect of feed form and duration time in growing period on broilers performance, Int. J. Poult. Sci., 7, 1074, 10.3923/ijps.2008.1074.1077 Amerah, 2011, Influence of feed processing on the efficacy of exogenous enzymes in broiler diets, Worlds Poult. Sci. J., 67, 29, 10.1017/S0043933911000031 Amerah, 2007, Feed particle size: Implications on the digestion and performance in poultry, Worlds Poult. Sci. J., 63, 439, 10.1017/S0043933907001560 Amerah, 2007, Influence of feed particle size and feed form on the performance, energy utilisation, digestive tract development, and digesta parameters of broiler starters, Poult. Sci., 86, 2615, 10.3382/ps.2007-00212 Angulo, 1996, Effect of a sepiolite product on pellet durability in pig diets differing in particle size and in broiler starter and finisher diets, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 63, 25, 10.1016/S0377-8401(96)01036-X American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE), 1997. ASAE S269.4, Cubes, pellets and crumbles-definitions and methods for determining density, durability and moisture. Standards 1997. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI. Batterham, 1990, Utilisation of ileal digestible amino acids by growing pigs:effect of dietary lysine concentration on efficiency of lysine retention, Br. J. Nutr., 64, 81, 10.1079/BJN19900011 Bedford, 2002, The role of carbohydrases in feedstuff digestion, 319 Bedford, 2003, Relative efficacy of a new, thermotolerant phytase in wheat-based diets for broilers, Poult. Sci., 82, 149 Behnke, 1996, Feed manufacturing technology: current issues and challenges, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 62, 49, 10.1016/S0377-8401(96)01005-X Bernardin, 1973, Hydrated protein fibrils from wheat endosperm, Cereal Chem., 50, 529 Bolton, 1960, The digestibility of mash and pellets by chicks, J. Agric. Sci., 55, 141, 10.1017/S0021859600021742 Briggs, 1999, Effect of ingredients and processing parameters on pellet quality, Poult. Sci., 78, 1464, 10.1093/ps/78.10.1464 Brown, 1996, Complex carbohydrates and resistant starch, Nutr. Rev., 54, 115, 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1996.tb03830.x Buchanan, 2009, Main effects and interactions of varying formulation protein, fibber, and moisture on feed manufacture and pellet quality, J. Appl. Poult. Res., 18, 274, 10.3382/japr.2008-00089 Camire, 1990, Chemical and nutritional changes in food during extrusion, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 29, 35, 10.1080/10408399009527513 Carré, 2000, Effets de la taille des particules alimentaires sur les processus digestifs chez les oiseaux d’élevage, INRA Prod. Anim., 13, 131, 10.20870/productions-animales.2000.13.2.3774 Carré, 1991, Evaluation of protein and starch digestibilities and energy value of pelleted or unpelleted pea-seeds from winter or spring cultivars in adult and young chickens, J. Agric. Food Chem., 39, 468, 10.1021/jf00003a008 Cavalcanti, W.B., 2004. The effect of ingredient composition on the physical quality of pelleted feeds: a mixture experimental approach. Ph.D. Thesis. Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS. Cerrate, 2009, Effect of pellet diameter in broiler starter diets on subsequent performance, J. Appl. Poult. Res., 18, 590, 10.3382/japr.2009.00041 Choct, 1990, Anti-nutritive activity of wheat pentosans in broiler diets, Br. Poult. Sci., 31, 811, 10.1080/00071669008417312 Choct, 1992, The inhibition of nutrient digestion by wheat pentosans, Br. J. Nutr., 67, 123, 10.1079/BJN19920014 Choi, 1986, Effects of pelleted or crumbled diets on the performance and the development of the digestive organs of broilers, Poult. Sci., 65, 594, 10.3382/ps.0650594 Corzo, 2011, Effect of pellet quality on various broiler production parameters, J. Appl. Poult. Res., 20, 68, 10.3382/japr.2010-00229 Cowieson, 2005, The effect of conditioning temperature and exogenous xylanase addition on the viscosity of wheat-based diets and the performance of broiler chickens, Br. Poult. Sci., 46, 717, 10.1080/00071660500392506 Cowieson, 2005, The effect of xylanase, amylase and protease on the performance of broiler chickens fed on a maize/soy-based diet pelleted at two temperatures, Br. Poult. Abstr., 1, 30 Cramer, 2003, Effect of sorghum-based diets subjected to various manufacturing procedures on broiler performance, J. Appl. Poult. Res., 12, 404, 10.1093/japr/12.4.404 Creswell, 2006, High pelleting temperatures reduce broiler performance, Proc. Aust. Poult. Sci. Symp., 18, 1 Cutlip, 2008, The effect of steam-conditioning practices on pellet quality and growing broiler nutritional value, J. Appl. Poult. Res., 17, 249, 10.3382/japr.2007-00081 Dale, 1992, Pelleting effects on lysine bioavailability in diets containing dried bakery product, J. Appl. Poult. Res., 1, 84, 10.1093/japr/1.1.84 Deyoe, 1976, Nutritional effects feed formulation and processing, 19 Di Paola, 2003, Evaluation of the degree of starch gelatinisation by a new enzymatic method, Starch, 55, 403, 10.1002/star.200300167 Donald, 2001, Review. Plasticization and self assembly in the starch granule, Cereal Chem., 78, 307, 10.1094/CCHEM.2001.78.3.307 Dozier, 2003, Optimising the conditioning process, Feed Manage., 54, 23 Duodu, 2002, Effect of grain structure and cooking on sorghum and maize in vitro protein digestibility, J. Cereal Sci., 35, 161, 10.1006/jcrs.2001.0411 Eeckhout, 1995, The influence of process parameters on the stability of feed enzymes during steam pelleting, 163 Eerlingen, 1994, Enzyme-resistant starch V. Effect of retrogradation of waxy maize starch on enzyme susceptibility, Cereal Chem., 71, 351 Eliasson, 1996, Starch: Physicochemical and functional aspects, 431 Engberg, 2002, The influence of grinding and pelleting of feed on the microbial composition and activity in the digestive tract of broiler chickens, Br. Poult. Sci., 43, 569, 10.1080/0007166022000004480 Englyst, 1992, Classification and measurement of nutritionally important starch fractions, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 46, 33 Fairchild, 1999, Pelleting with precise mixer moisture control, Feed Int., 20, 32 Fairchild, 2005, Proportioning, 127 Fairfield, 2005, Pelleting, 142 Falk, 1985, Pelleting cost centre, 167 Fengler, 1988, Water-soluble pentosans from rye 1. Isolation, partial-purification, and characterisation, Cereal Chem., 65, 291 Ferket, 2000, Feeding whole grains to poultry improves gut health, Feedstuffs, 4, 12 Gadient, 1986, Effect of pelleting on nutritional quality of feed, 73 Garcia, 2008, Influence of enzyme supplementation and heat processing of barley on digestive traits and productive performance of broilers, Poult. Sci., 87, 940, 10.3382/ps.2007-00266 Garcia, 2007, Effects of xylanase and antibiotic supplementations on the nutritional utilisation of a wheat diet in growing chicks from genetic D+ and D_ lines selected for divergent digestion efficiency, Animal, 1, 1435, 10.1017/S1751731107000821 Gehring, 2009, Improvement of pellet quality with proteins recovered from whole fish using isoelectric solubilisation-precipitation, J. Appl. Poult. Res., 18, 418, 10.3382/japr.2008-00054 Gehring, 2009, Increasing mixer-added fat improves exogenous enzyme efficacy and broiler performance, Poult. Sci., 88, 142 Gilpin, 2002, Feed moisture, retention time, and steam as quality and energy utilisation determinants in the pelleting process, Appl. Eng. Agric., 18, 331, 10.13031/2013.8585 Goelema, 1999, Effects of pressure toasting, expander treatment and pelleting on in vitro and in situ parameters of protein and starch in a mixture of broken peas, lupins and faba beans, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 78, 109, 10.1016/S0377-8401(98)00266-1 Gonzalez-Alvarado, 2008, Effects of fibre source and heat processing of the cereal on the development and pH of the gastrointestinal tract of broilers fed diets based on corn or rice, Poult. Sci., 87, 1779, 10.3382/ps.2008-00070 Granum, 1979, Studies on α-amylase inhibitors in foods, Food Chem., 4, 173, 10.1016/0308-8146(79)90001-3 Greenwood, 2003, Effect of feed manufacturing practices on nutrient availability and feed quality, 7 Greenwood, 2003, Effect of feed form on lysine needs of broilers from 16 to 30 days of age, Poult. Sci., 82, 106 Greenwood, 2004, Influence of feed form on dietary lysine and energy intake and utilisation of broilers from 14 to 30 days of age, Int. J. Poult. Sci., 3, 189, 10.3923/ijps.2004.189.194 Hasting, 1978, Feed milling processes Heffner, 1973, Gelatinisation during pelleting, Feedstuffs, 45, 32 Hemmingsen, 2008, Water adsorption in feed ingredients for animal pellets at different temperatures, particle size, and ingredient combinations, Drying Technol., 26, 738, 10.1080/07373930802046393 Hendriks, 1994, Effects of extrusion on the dye-binding, fluorodinitrobenzene-reactive and total lysine content of soybean meal and peas, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 48, 99, 10.1016/0377-8401(94)90114-7 Hetland, 2001, Effect of oat hulls on performance, gut capacity and feed passing time in broiler chickens, Br. Poult. Sci., 42, 354, 10.1080/00071660120055331 Hott, 2008, The effect of moisture addition with a mold inhibitor on pellet quality, feed manufacture, and broiler performance, J. Appl. Poult. Res., 17, 262, 10.3382/japr.2007-00083 Hull, 1968, Utilisation of unextracted soybeans by broiler chicks 2. Influence of pelleting and regrinding on diets with infra red cooked and extruded soybeans, Poult. Sci., 47, 1115, 10.3382/ps.0471115 Hussar, 1962, Effect of pelleting on the utilisation of feed by the growing chicken, Poult. Sci., 41, 1489, 10.3382/ps.0411489 Inborr, 1994, Stability of feed enzymes to steam pelleting during feed processing, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 46, 179, 10.1016/0377-8401(94)90138-4 Izydorczyk, 1992, Effect of molecular size on physical properties of wheat arabinoxylan, J. Agric. Food Chem., 40, 561, 10.1021/jf00016a006 Jensen, 2000, Influence of pelleting on the nutritional needs of poultry, Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 13, 35 Jensen, 1962, Observations on eating patterns and rate of food passage of birds fed pelleted and unpelleted diets, Poult. Sci., 41, 1414, 10.3382/ps.0411414 Jensen, 1965, Protein and lysine requirements of developing turkeys as influenced by pelleting, Poult. Sci., 44, 1435, 10.3382/ps.0441435 Jones, 2011, A review of practical Salmonella control measures in animal feed, J. Appl. Poult. Res., 20, 102, 10.3382/japr.2010-00281 Jones, 2004, Salmonella in commercially manufactured feeds, Poult. Sci., 83, 384, 10.1093/ps/83.3.384 Jones, 1995, Effect of extrusion on feed characteristics and broiler chicken performance, J. Appl. Poult. Res., 4, 300, 10.1093/japr/4.3.300 Kaliyan, 2010, Natural binders and solid bridge type binding mechanisms in briquettes and pellets made from corn stover and switchgrass, Bioresour. Technol., 101, 1082, 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.08.064 Kenny, 2008, Broilers perform well on pellet rations, World Poult., 24, 18 Ker, 1998, Shear-induced conformational changes and gelation of soy protein isolate suspensions, Food Sci. Technol., 31, 107 Kim, 2000, Effects of processing and genetics on the nutritional value of sorghum in chicks and pigs. Review, Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 13, 1337, 10.5713/ajas.2000.1337 Kirkpinar, 2006, Effects of pelleting temperature of phytase supplemented broiler feed on tibia mineralisation, calcium and phosphorus content of serum and performance, Czech J. Anim. Sci., 51, 78, 10.17221/3913-CJAS Koch, 1996, Hammer mills and roller mills Latshaw, 2009, The partitioning of metabolisable energy by broiler chickens, Poult. Sci., 88, 98, 10.3382/ps.2008-00161 Lily, 2011, Examining the relationships between pellet quality, broiler performance, and bird sex, J. Appl. Poult. Res., 20, 231, 10.3382/japr.2009-00138 Liu, 1991, A study of starch gelatinisation using differential scanning calorimetry, x-ray and birefringence measurements, Carbohydr. Res., 210, 79, 10.1016/0008-6215(91)80114-3 Loar, 2010, Effects of feeding distillers dried grains with solubles to broilers from 0 to 28 days posthatch on broiler performance, feed manufacturing efficiency, and selected intestinal characteristics, Poult. Sci. J., 89, 2242, 10.3382/ps.2010-00894 Löwe, 2005, Judging pellet stability as part of pellet quality, Feed Technol., 9, 15 Lund, 1984, Influence of time, temperature, moisture, ingredients, and processing conditions on starch gelatinisation, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 20, 249, 10.1080/10408398409527391 Lundblad, 2009, The effect of adding water into the mixer on pelleting efficiency and pellet quality in diets for finishing pigs without and with use of an expander, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 150, 295, 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.10.006 Maier, 1992, The counterflow cooling of feed pellets, J. Agric. Eng. Res., 53, 305, 10.1016/0021-8634(92)80089-B Maier, 2000, Making better, Feed and Grain, 1, 12 Marchetti, 1999, Stability of crystalline and coated vitamins during manufacture and storage of fish feeds, Aquacult. Nutr., 5, 115, 10.1046/j.1365-2095.1999.00094.x Mauron, 1990, Influence of processing on protein quality, J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol., 36, 57, 10.3177/jnsv.36.4-SupplementI_S57 McCapes, 1989, Effect of a new pelleting process on the level of contamination of poultry mash by Esherichia coli and salmonella, Avian Dis., 33, 103, 10.2307/1591075 Mckinney, 2004, Predicting effective caloric value of non-nutritive factors: I Pellet quality and II. Prediction of consequential formulation dead zones, Poult. Sci., 83, 1165, 10.1093/ps/83.7.1065 Miladinovic, D., Svihus, B., 2010. To the better physical pellet quality through the pellet press settings. Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Fôrtek, http://en.engormix.com/MA-feed-machinery/formulation/articles/pellet-press-settings-t1582/800-p0.htm. Accessed November 2010. Mirghelenj, 2009, Effects of feed form on development of digestive tract, performance and carcass traits of broiler chickens, J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 8, 1911 Moran, 1989, Effect of pellet quality on the performance of meat birds Moritz, 2001, Effect of moisture addition at the mixer to a corn-soybean-based diet on broiler performance, J. Appl. Poult. Res., 10, 347, 10.1093/japr/10.4.347 Moritz, 2003, Feed manufacture and feeding of rations with graded levels of added moisture formulated to different energy densities, J. Appl. Poult. Res., 12, 371, 10.1093/japr/12.3.371 Moritz, 2010, Production strategies and feeding opportunities for pellets of high quality, 85 Moritz, 2005, Effect of gelatinising dietary starch through feed processing on zero- to three-week broiler performance and metabolism, J. Appl. Poult. Res., 14, 47, 10.1093/japr/14.1.47 Moritz, 2002, Effect of formulation density, moisture, and surfactant on feed manufacturing, pellet quality, and broiler performance, J. Appl. Poult. Res., 11, 155, 10.1093/japr/11.2.155 Munt, 1995, Growth, carcass composition and profitability of meat chickens given pellets, mash and free choice diet, Br. Poult. Sci., 36, 277, 10.1080/00071669508417775 Nir, 1995, Effect of particle size on performance 3. Grinding pelleting interactions, Poult. Sci., 74, 771, 10.3382/ps.0740771 Nir, 1994, Quantitative effects of pelleting on performance, gastrointestinal tract and behaviour of meat-type chickens, Br. Poult. Sci., 35, 589, 10.1080/00071669408417724 Nolan, 2010, Economic analysis of manufacturing costs of pellet production in the Republic of Ireland using non-woody biomass, Open Renew. Energy J., 3, 1, 10.2174/1876387101003010001 Papadopoulos, 1989, Effect of processing on high-protein feedstuffs: A review, Biol. Wastes, 29, 123, 10.1016/0269-7483(89)90092-X Parker, 2001, Aspects of the physical chemistry of starch, J. Cereal Sci., 34, 1, 10.1006/jcrs.2000.0402 Parsons, 2006, Effect of corn particle size and pellet texture on broiler performance in the growing phase, J. Appl. Poult. Res., 15, 245, 10.1093/japr/15.2.245 Péron, 2007, Effects of two wheat cultivars on physico-chemical properties of wheat flours and digesta from two broiler chicken lines (D+ and D–) differing in digestion capacity, Br. Poult. Sci., 48, 370, 10.1080/00071660701341963 Péron, 2005, Effects of food deprivation and particle size of ground wheat on digestibility of food components in broilers fed on a pelleted diet, Br. Poult. Sci., 46, 223, 10.1080/00071660500066142 Pettersson, 1991, The nutritive value for broiler chickens of pelleting and enzyme supplementation of a diet containing barley, wheat and rye, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 33, 1, 10.1016/0377-8401(91)90041-P Pfost, 1963, Testing the durability of pelleted feed, Feedstuffs, 23, 66 Pickford, 1992, Effects of processing on the stability of heat labile nutrients in animal feeds, 177 Plattner, 2002, Conditioning is essential for effective feed production, Int. Poult. Prod., 10, 7 Plavnik, 1997, The response of broiler chickens and turkey poults to steam-pelleted diets supplemented with fat or carbohydrates, Poult. Sci., 76, 1006, 10.1093/ps/76.7.1006 Proudfoot, 1978, Feed texture and light treatment effects on the performance of chicken broilers, Poult. Sci., 57, 408, 10.3382/ps.0570408 Reddy, 1961, Influence of pelleting on metabolisable and productive energy content of a complete diet for chicks, Poult. Sci., 40, 1446 Reddy, 1962, Influence of mechanical alteration of dietary density on energy available for chick growth, J. Nutr., 77, 428, 10.1093/jn/77.4.428 Reece, 1986, The effects of hammer mill screen size on ground corn particle size, pellet durability, and broiler performance, Poult. Sci., 65, 1257, 10.3382/ps.0651257 Robinson, 1976, Pelleting—Introduction and general definitions, 103 Rooney, 1986, Factors affecting starch digestibility with special emphasis on sorghum and corn, J. Anim. Sci., 63, 1607, 10.2527/jas1986.6351607x Rougiere, 2009, Effects of diet particle size on digestive parameters in D+ and D- genetic chicken lines selected for divergent digestion efficiency, Poult. Sci., 88, 1206, 10.3382/ps.2008-00408 Samarasinghe, 2000, Activity of supplemental enzymes and their effect on nutrient utilisation and growth performance of growing chickens as affected by pelleting temperature, Arch. Tierernahr., 53, 45, 10.1080/17450390009381937 Saunders, 1975, α-Amylase inhibitors in wheat and other cereals, Cereal Foods World, 20, 282 Saunders, 1969, Aleurone cells and the digestibility of wheat mill feeds, Poult. Sci., 48, 1497, 10.3382/ps.0481497 Schoeff, 2005, History of the formula feed industry, 1 Seckinger, 1970, Electron microscopy of endosperm protein from hard and soft wheats, Cereal Chem., 47, 236 Selle, 2010, Implications of sorghum in broiler chicken nutrition, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 156, 57, 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.01.004 Shipe, 2011, Effects of feed manufacture techniques that vary feed exposure to pellet die heat and pressure on pellet quality and subsequent broiler lysine utilization, Poult. Sci., 90, 105 Shipe, 2012, Pelleting does not decrease lysine digestibility, Poult. Sci., 91, 46 Sibbald, 1989, Research note: Pellet binder and steam pelleting as nitrogen-corrected true metabolisable energy contributors: an example of the statistics used to evaluate a component of a mixture, Poult. Sci., 68, 1299, 10.3382/ps.0681299 Silversides, 1999, Effect of pelleting temperature on the recovery and efficacy of a xylanase enzyme in wheat-based diets, Poult. Sci., 78, 1184, 10.1093/ps/78.8.1184 Skinner-Noble, 2005, Predicting effective caloric value of non-nutritive factors: III Feed form affects broiler performance by modifying behaviour patterns, Poult. Sci., 84, 403, 10.1093/ps/84.3.403 Skoch, 1981, The effect of steam-conditioning rate on the pelleting process, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 6, 83, 10.1016/0377-8401(81)90033-X Skoch, 1983, Effects of pelleting conditions on performance of pigs fed a corn-soybean meal diet, J. Anim. Sci., 57, 922, 10.2527/jas1983.574922x Skoch, 1983, Effects of steam pelleting conditions and extrusion cooking on a swine diet containing wheat middlings, J. Anim. Sci., 57, 929, 10.2527/jas1983.574929x Smallman, 1996, Maximising conditioning potential, Feed Milling Int., 190, 15 Smith, 1959, Factors in conditioning pellet mash, 40 Spring, 1996, Effect of pelleting temperature on the activity of different enzymes, Poult. Sci., 75, 357, 10.3382/ps.0750357 Srinivasan, 2009, Effect of fractionation of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on pelleting characteristics of broiler diets, Cereal Chem., 86, 393, 10.1094/CCHEM-86-4-0393 Stevens, C.A., 1987. Starch gelatinisation and the influence of particle size, steam pressure and die speed on the pelleting process. Ph.D. Thesis, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS. Svihus, 2011, The gizzard: function, influence of diet structure and effects on nutrient availability, Worlds Poult. Sci. J., 67, 207, 10.1017/S0043933911000249 Svihus, 2011, Chemical alterations with nutritional consequences due to pelleting animal feeds: A review, Anim. Prod. Sci., 51, 590, 10.1071/AN11004 Svihus, 2001, Research note: A consistent low starch digestibility observed in pelleted broiler chicken diets containing high levels of different wheat varieties, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 92, 45, 10.1016/S0377-8401(01)00251-6 Svihus, 2004, Physical and nutritional effects of pelleting of broiler chicken diets made from wheat ground to different coarsenesses by the use of roller mill and hammer mill, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 117, 281, 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2004.08.009 Svihus, 2010, Nutrient utilisation and functionality of the anterior digestive tract caused by intermittent feeding and inclusion of whole wheat in diets for broiler chickens, Poult. Sci., 89, 2617, 10.3382/ps.2010-00743 Svihus, 2005, Effect of starch granule structure, associated components and processing on nutritive value of cereal starch: A review, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 122, 303, 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.02.025 Svihus, 2001, Ileal starch digestibility in growing broiler chickens fed on a wheat-based diet is improved by mash feeding, dilution with cellulose or whole wheat inclusion, Br. Poult. Sci., 42, 633, 10.1080/00071660120088461 Taylor, 2001, Developments in sorghum food technologies, Adv. Food Nutr. Res., 43, 217, 10.1016/S1043-4526(01)43006-3 Thomas, 1996, Physical quality of pelleted animal feed: 1 Criteria for pellet quality, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 61, 89, 10.1016/0377-8401(96)00949-2 Thomas, 1998, Physical quality of pelleted animal feed: 3 Contribution of feedstuff components, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 70, 59, 10.1016/S0377-8401(97)00072-2 Van Immerseel, 2009, Strategies to control Salmonella in the broiler production chain, Worlds Poult. Sci. J., 65, 367, 10.1017/S0043933909000270 Vande Ginste, 1998, Expansion and pelleting of starter, grower and finisher diets for pigs: effects on nitrogen retention, ileal and total tract digestibility of protein, phosphorus and calcium and in vitro protein quality, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 72, 303, 10.1016/S0377-8401(97)00192-2 Veldman, 1995, A survey of the incidence of Salmonella species and Enterobacteriaceae in poultry feeds and feed components, Vet. Rec., 136, 169, 10.1136/vr.136.7.169 Vilarino, 1996, Behavioural adaptation of laying hens to dilution of diets under mash and pellet form, Br. Poult. Sci., 37, 895, 10.1080/00071669608417921 Voragen, 1995, Effect of some manufacturing technologies on chemical, physical and nutritional properties of feed, 93 Winowiski, 1988, Turkey rations: Wheat and pellet quality, Feed Management, 39, 58 Winowiski, 1998, Examining a new concept in measuring pellet quality: which test is best?, Feed Management, 49, 23 Wood, 1987, The functional properties of feed raw materials and their effect on the production and quality of feed pellets, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 18, 1, 10.1016/0377-8401(87)90025-3 Ziggers, 2004, Cooling hot pellets critical to quality feed production, Feed Technol., 8, 9 Zimonja, 2009, Effects of processing of wheat or oats starch on physical pellet quality and nutritional value for broilers, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 149, 287, 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.06.010 Zimonja, 2008, Effects of fibre content in pelleted wheat and oat diets on technical pellet quality and nutritional value for broiler chickens, Can. J. Anim. Sci., 88, 613, 10.4141/CJAS08019 Zimonja, 2007, Nutritional value of diets for broiler chickens as affected by fat source, amylose level and diet processing, Can. J. Anim. Sci., 87, 553, 10.4141/CJAS07044