Hippocampal sclerosis of aging, a prevalent and high-morbidity brain disease

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 126 - Trang 161-177 - 2013
Peter T. Nelson1,2, Charles D. Smith1,3, Erin L. Abner1, Bernard J. Wilfred4, Wang-Xia Wang1, Janna H. Neltner2, Michael Baker5, David W. Fardo6, Richard J. Kryscio5,6,7, Stephen W. Scheff1,8, Gregory A. Jicha1,3, Kurt A. Jellinger9, Linda J. Van Eldik5,8, Frederick A. Schmitt1,3
1Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
2Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
3Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
4Sanders-Brown Center On Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
5Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
6Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
7Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
8Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
9Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Vienna, Austria

Tóm tắt

Hippocampal sclerosis of aging (HS-Aging) is a causative factor in a large proportion of elderly dementia cases. The current definition of HS-Aging rests on pathologic criteria: neuronal loss and gliosis in the hippocampal formation that is out of proportion to AD-type pathology. HS-Aging is also strongly associated with TDP-43 pathology. HS-Aging pathology appears to be most prevalent in the oldest-old: autopsy series indicate that 5–30 % of nonagenarians have HS-Aging pathology. Among prior studies, differences in study design have contributed to the study-to-study variability in reported disease prevalence. The presence of HS-Aging pathology correlates with significant cognitive impairment which is often misdiagnosed as AD clinically. The antemortem diagnosis is further confounded by other diseases linked to hippocampal atrophy including frontotemporal lobar degeneration and cerebrovascular pathologies. Recent advances characterizing the neurocognitive profile of HS-Aging patients have begun to provide clues that may help identify living individuals with HS-Aging pathology. Structural brain imaging studies of research subjects followed to autopsy reveal hippocampal atrophy that is substantially greater in people with eventual HS-Aging pathology, compared to those with AD pathology alone. Data are presented from individuals who were followed with neurocognitive and neuroradiologic measurements, followed by neuropathologic evaluation at the University of Kentucky. Finally, we discuss factors that are hypothesized to cause or modify the disease. We conclude that the published literature on HS-Aging provides strong evidence of an important and under-appreciated brain disease of aging. Unfortunately, there is no therapy or preventive strategy currently available.

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