A triple entente: Virus, neurons, and CD8+ T cells maintain HSV-1 latency

citation_journal_title=Med Hypotheses; citation_title=Stress-associated immunomodulation and herpes simples virus infections; citation_author=B Sainz, JM Loutsch, ME Marquart, JM Hill; citation_volume=56; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=348-356; citation_doi=10.1054/mehy.2000.1219; citation_id=CR1 citation_journal_title=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; citation_title=Severe genital herpes infections in HIV-infected individuals with impaired herpes simplex virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses; citation_author=CM Posavad, DM Koelle, MF Shaughnessy, L Corey; citation_volume=94; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=10289-10294; citation_doi=10.1073/pnas.94.19.10289; citation_id=CR2 citation_journal_title=J Virol; citation_title=Tracking the spread of a lacZ-tagged herpes simplex virus type 1 between the eye and the nervous system of the mouse: comparison of primary and recurrent infection; citation_author=C Shimeld, S Efstathiou, T Hill; citation_volume=75; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=5252-5262; citation_doi=10.1128/JVI.75.11.5252-5262.2001; citation_id=CR3 citation_journal_title=Viral Immunol; citation_title=Immune control of HSV-1 latency; citation_author=V Decman, ML Freeman, PR Kinchington, RL Hendricks; citation_volume=18; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=466-473; citation_doi=10.1089/vim.2005.18.466; citation_id=CR4 citation_journal_title=J Neuroimmunol; citation_title=Cytokine and chemokine production in HSV-1 latently infected trigeminal ganglion cell cultures: effects of hyperthermic stress; citation_author=DJ Carr, S Noisakran, WP Halford, N Lukacs, V Asensio, IL Campbell; citation_volume=85; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=111-121; citation_doi=10.1016/S0165-5728(97)00206-3; citation_id=CR5 citation_journal_title=Virology; citation_title=The murine double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR and the murine 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase-dependent RNase L are required for IFN-beta-mediated resistance against herpes simplex virus type 1 in primary trigeminal ganglion culture; citation_author=K Al-khatib, BR Williams, RH Silverman, WP Halford, DJ Carr; citation_volume=313; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=126-135; citation_doi=10.1016/S0042-6822(03)00298-8; citation_id=CR6 citation_journal_title=J Virol; citation_title=The latent herpes simplex virus type 1 genome copy number in individual neurons is virus strain specific and correlates with reactivation; citation_author=NM Sawtell, DK Poon, CS Tansky, RL Thompson; citation_volume=72; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=5343-5350; citation_id=CR7 citation_journal_title=J Virol; citation_title=The probability of in vivo reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 in creases with the number of latently infected neurons in the ganglia; citation_author=NM Sawtell; citation_volume=72; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=6888-6892; citation_id=CR8 citation_journal_title=J Gen Virol; citation_title=An analysis of herpes simplex virus gene expression during latency establishment and reactivation; citation_author=RH Lachmann, M Sadarangani, HR Atkinson, S Efstathiou; citation_volume=80; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_pages=1271-1282; citation_id=CR9 citation_journal_title=Virology; citation_title=Pathways of viral gene expression during acute neuronal infection with HSV-1; citation_author=TP Margolis, F Sedarati, AT Dobson, LT Feldman, JG Stevens; citation_volume=189; citation_publication_date=1992; citation_pages=150-160; citation_doi=10.1016/0042-6822(92)90690-Q; citation_id=CR10 citation_journal_title=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; citation_title=Relationship of herpes simplex virus genome configuration to productive and persistent infections; citation_author=SA Jackson, NA DeLuca; citation_volume=100; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=7871-7876; citation_doi=10.1073/pnas.1230643100; citation_id=CR11 citation_journal_title=Virology; citation_title=Restricted herpes simplex virus type 1 gene expression within sensory neurons in the absence of functional B and T lymphocytes; citation_author=RM Gesser, T Valyi-Nagy, NW Fraser; citation_volume=200; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_pages=791-795; citation_doi=10.1006/viro.1994.1243; citation_id=CR12 citation_journal_title=J Exp Med; citation_title=Anti-CD8 impairs clearance of herpes simplex virus from the nervous system: Implications for the fate of virally infected neurons; citation_author=A Simmons, DC Tscharke; citation_volume=175; citation_publication_date=1992; citation_pages=1337-1344; citation_doi=10.1084/jem.175.5.1337; citation_id=CR13 citation_journal_title=Immunity; citation_title=Herpes simplex virus-specific memory CD8+ T cells are selectively activated and retain ed in latently infected sensory ganglia; citation_author=KM Khanna, RH Bonneau, PR Kinchington, RL Hendricks; citation_volume=18; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=593-603; citation_doi=10.1016/S1074-7613(03)00112-2; citation_id=CR14 citation_journal_title=Am J Pathol; citation_title=Latent herpesvirus infection in human trigeminal ganglia causes chronic immune response; citation_author=D Theil, T Derfuss, I Paripovic; citation_volume=163; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=2179-2184; citation_id=CR15 citation_journal_title=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; citation_title=Spontaneous molecular reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 latency in mice; citation_author=LT Feldman, AR Ellison, CC Voytek, L Yang, P Krause, TP Margolis; citation_volume=99; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=978-983; citation_doi=10.1073/pnas.022301899; citation_id=CR16 citation_journal_title=J Exp Med; citation_title=CD8(+) T cells can block herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) reactivation from latency in sensory neurons; citation_author=T Liu, KM Khanna, X Chen, DJ Fink, RL Hendricks; citation_volume=191; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=1459-1466; citation_doi=10.1084/jem.191.9.1459; citation_id=CR17 citation_journal_title=J Virol; citation_title=Analysis of the cytolytic T-lymphocyte response to herpes-simplex virus type-1 glycoprotein-B during primary and secondary infection; citation_author=CT Nugent, RM Wolcott, R Chervenak, SR Jennings; citation_volume=68; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_pages=7644-7648; citation_id=CR18 citation_journal_title=J Virol; citation_title=Characterization of a diverse primary herpes-simplex virus type-1 gB-specific cytotoxic T-cell response showing a preferential V-beta bias; citation_author=SC Cose, JM Kelly, FR Carbone; citation_volume=69; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_pages=5849-5852; citation_id=CR19 citation_journal_title=J Virol; citation_title=Latent infection with herpes simplex virus is associated with ongoing CD8+ T-cell stimulation by parenchymal cells within sensory ganglia; citation_author=AL Lint, L Kleinert, SR Clarke, A Stock, WR Heath, FR Carbone; citation_volume=79; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=14843-14851; citation_doi=10.1128/JVI.79.23.14843-14851.2005; citation_id=CR20 citation_journal_title=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; citation_title=The herpes simplex virus 1 protein kinase U(s)3 is required for protection from apoptosis induced by the virus; citation_author=R Leopardi, C Sant, B Roizman; citation_volume=94; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=7891-7896; citation_doi=10.1073/pnas.94.15.7891; citation_id=CR21 citation_journal_title=J Virol; citation_title=Herpes simplex virus inhibits apoptosis through the action of two genes, Us5 and Us3; citation_author=KR Jerome, R Fox, Z Chen, AE Sears, H Lee, L Corey; citation_volume=73; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_pages=8950-8957; citation_id=CR22 citation_journal_title=J Neurovirol; citation_title=Regulation of caspase 8- and caspase 9-induced apoptosis by the herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript; citation_author=G Henderson, W Peng, L Jin; citation_volume=8; citation_issue=Suppl 2; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=103-111; citation_doi=10.1080/13550280290101085; citation_id=CR23 citation_journal_title=J Virol; citation_title=The gene that encodes the herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript influences the accumulation of transcripts (Bcl-x(L) and Bcl-x(S)) that encode apoptotic regulatory proteins; citation_author=W Peng, G Henderson, GC Perng, AB Nesburn, SL Wechsler, C Jones; citation_volume=77; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=10714-10718; citation_doi=10.1128/JVI.77.19.10714-10718.2003; citation_id=CR24 citation_journal_title=J Immunol; citation_title=HSV and glycoprotein J inhibit caspase activation and apoptosis induced by granzyme B or Fas; citation_author=KR Jerome, Z Chen, R Lang; citation_volume=167; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=3928-3935; citation_id=CR25 citation_journal_title=Int Immunol; citation_title=Persistent expression of CD94/NKG2 receptors by virus-specific CD8T cells is initiated by TCR-mediated signals; citation_author=M Wojtasiak, CM Jones, LC Sullivan, AC Winterhalter, FR Carbone, AG Brooks; citation_volume=16; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=1333-1341; citation_doi=10.1093/intimm/dxh136; citation_id=CR26 citation_journal_title=J Immunol; citation_title=Qa-1b and CD94-NKG2a interaction regulate cytolytic activity of herpes simplex virus-specific memory CD8+ T cells in the latently infected trigeminal ganglia; citation_author=S Suvas, AK Azkur, BT Rouse; citation_volume=176; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=1703-1711; citation_id=CR27 citation_journal_title=J Immunol; citation_title=Persistent cytokine expression in trigeminal ganglion latently infected with herpes simplex virus type 1; citation_author=WP Halford, BM Gebhardt, DJ Carr; citation_volume=157; citation_publication_date=1996; citation_pages=3542-3549; citation_id=CR28 citation_journal_title=J Virol; citation_title=Gamma interferon expression during acute and latent nervous system infection by herpes simplex virus type 1; citation_author=EM Cantin, DR Hinton, J Chen, H Openshaw; citation_volume=69; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_pages=4898-4905; citation_id=CR29 citation_journal_title=Virology; citation_title=Persistent elevated expression of cytokine transcripts in ganglia latently infected with herpes simplex virus in the absence of ganglionic replication or reactivation; citation_author=SH Chen, DA Garber, PA Schaffer, DM Knipe, DM Coen; citation_volume=278; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=207-216; citation_doi=10.1006/viro.2000.0643; citation_id=CR30 citation_journal_title=Virology; citation_title=Acyclovir blocks cytokine gene expression in trigeminal ganglia latently infected with herpes simplex virus type 1; citation_author=WP Halford, BM Gebhardt, DJ Carr; citation_volume=238; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=53-63; citation_doi=10.1006/viro.1997.8806; citation_id=CR31 citation_journal_title=J Virol; citation_title=Gamma interferon can block herpes simplex virus type 1 reactivation from latency, even in the presence of late gene expression; citation_author=V Decman, PR Kinchington, SA Harvey, RL Hendricks; citation_volume=79; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=10339-10347; citation_doi=10.1128/JVI.79.16.10339-10347.2005; citation_id=CR32 citation_journal_title=EMBO J; citation_title=Engagement of T cell receptor triggers its recruitment to low-density detergent-insoluble membrane domains; citation_author=C Montixi, C Langlet, AM Bernard; citation_volume=17; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=5334-5348; citation_doi=10.1093/emboj/17.18.5334; citation_id=CR33 citation_journal_title=Annu Rev Neurosci; citation_title=Development of the vertebrate neuromuscular junction; citation_author=JR Sanes, JW Lichtman; citation_volume=22; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_pages=389-442; citation_doi=10.1146/annurev.neuro.22.1.389; citation_id=CR34 citation_journal_title=Science; citation_title=Physiological regulation of the immunological synapse by agrin; citation_author=AA Khan, C Bose, LS Yam, MJ Soloski, F Rupp; citation_volume=292; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=1681-1686; citation_doi=10.1126/science.1056594; citation_id=CR35 citation_journal_title=J Int Med; citation_title=Substance P: a pioneer amongst neuropeptides; citation_author=T Hokfelt, B Pernow, J Wahren; citation_volume=249; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=27-40; citation_doi=10.1046/j.0954-6820.2000.00773.x; citation_id=CR36 citation_journal_title=Science; citation_title=Effect of neuropeptides on production of inflammatory cytokines by human monocytes; citation_author=M Lotz, JH Vaughan, DA Carson; citation_volume=241; citation_publication_date=1988; citation_pages=1218-1221; citation_doi=10.1126/science.2457950; citation_id=CR37 citation_journal_title=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; citation_title=Neuropeptides, by direct interaction with T cells, induce cytokine secretion and break the commitment to a distinct T helper phenotype; citation_author=M. Levite; citation_volume=95; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=12544-12549; citation_doi=10.1073/pnas.95.21.12544; citation_id=CR38 citation_journal_title=J Immunol; citation_title=Reduced CTL response and increased viral burden in substance P receptor-deficient mice infected with murine gamma-herpesvirus 68; citation_author=SF Elsawa, W Taylor, CC Petty, I Marriott, JV Weinstock, KL Bost; citation_volume=170; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=2605-2612; citation_id=CR39 citation_journal_title=J Surg Res; citation_title=Substance-P increases in vitro lymphokine-activated-killer (Lak) cell cytotoxicity against fresh colorectal-cancer cells; citation_author=H Flageole, M Senterman, JL Trudel; citation_volume=53; citation_publication_date=1992; citation_pages=445-449; citation_doi=10.1016/0022-4804(92)90088-H; citation_id=CR40 citation_journal_title=Immunol Lett; citation_title=Neurotransmitters regulate the migration and cytotoxicity in natural killer cells; citation_author=K Lang, TL Drell, B Niggemann, KS Zanker, F Entschladen; citation_volume=90; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=165-172; citation_doi=10.1016/j.imlet.2003.09.004; citation_id=CR41 citation_journal_title=J Immunol; citation_title=Neurokinin 1 receptor signaling affects the local innate immune defense against genital herpes virus infection; citation_author=A Svensson, J Kaim, C Mallard; citation_volume=175; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=6802-6811; citation_id=CR42