Measurement of Strain and Strain Rate by Echocardiography

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D’hooge, 2002, Two-dimensional ultrasonic strain rate measurement of the human heart in vivo, IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control, 49, 281, 10.1109/58.985712

D’hooge, 2000, Regional strain and strain rate measurements by cardiac ultrasound, Eur J Echocardiogr, 1, 154, 10.1053/euje.2000.0031

Sutherland, 2004, Strain and strain rate imaging, J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 17, 788, 10.1016/j.echo.2004.03.027

D’hooge, 2002, Echocardiographic strain and strain-rate imaging, IEEE Trans Med Imaging, 21, 1022, 10.1109/TMI.2002.804440

Urheim, 2000, Myocardial strain by Doppler echocardiography. Validation of a new method to quantify regional myocardial function, Circulation, 102, 1158, 10.1161/01.CIR.102.10.1158

Storaa, 2003, Effect of angular error on tissue Doppler velocities and strain, Echocardiography, 20, 581, 10.1046/j.1540-8175.2003.01135.x

Edvardsen, 2002, Quantitative assessment of intrinsic regional myocardial deformation by Doppler strain rate echocardiography in humans, Circulation, 106, 50, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000019907.77526.75

Kaluzynski, 2001, Strain rate imaging using two-dimensional speckle tracking, IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control, 48, 1111, 10.1109/58.935730

Notomi, 2005, Measurement of ventricular torsion by two-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking imaging, J Am Coll Cardiol, 45, 2034, 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.02.082

Voigt, 2003, Incidence and characteristics of segmental postsystolic longitudinal shortening in normal, acutely ischemic, and scarred myocardium, J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 16, 415, 10.1016/S0894-7317(03)00111-1

Kukulski, 2003, Identification of acutely ischemic myocardium using ultrasonic strain measurements. A clinical study in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty, J Am Coll Cardiol, 41, 810, 10.1016/S0735-1097(02)02934-0

Skulstad, 2002, Postsystolic shortening in ischemic myocardium, Circulation, 106, 718, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000024102.55150.B6

Abraham, 2002, Time to onset of regional relaxation, J Am Coll Cardiol, 39, 1531, 10.1016/S0735-1097(02)01768-0

Yu, 2004, Tissue Doppler imaging is superior to strain rate imaging and postsystolic shortening on the prediction of reverse remodeling in both ischemic and nonischemic heart failure after cardiac resynchronization therapy, Circulation, 110, 66, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000133276.45198.A5

Sun, 2004, Noninvasive quantification of regional myocardial function using Doppler-derived velocity, displacement, strain rate, and strain in healthy volunteers, J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 17, 132, 10.1016/j.echo.2003.10.001

Greenberg, 2002, Doppler-derived myocardial systolic strain rate is a strong index of left ventricular contractility, Circulation, 105, 99, 10.1161/hc0102.101396

Koyama, 2003, Longitudinal myocardial function assessed by tissue velocity, strain, and strain rate tissue Doppler echocardiography in patients with AL (primary) cardiac amyloidosis, Circulation, 107, 2446, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000068313.67758.4F

Weidemann, 2003, Quantification of regional right and left ventricular function by ultrasonic strain rate and strain indexes in Friedreich’s ataxia, Am J Cardiol, 91, 622, 10.1016/S0002-9149(02)03325-8

Yuda, 2002, Myocardial abnormalities in hypertensive patients with normal and abnormal left ventricular filling, Clin Sci (Lond), 103, 283, 10.1042/cs1030283

Kato, 2004, Discrimination of nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy on the basis of strain rate imaging by tissue Doppler ultrasonography, Circulation, 110, 3808, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000150334.69355.00

Frigiola, 2004, Pulmonary regurgitation is an important determinant of right ventricular contractile dysfunction in patients with surgically repaired tetralogy of Fallot, Circulation, 110, II153, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000138397.60956.c2

Eyskens, 2004, Regional right and left ventricular function after the Senning operation, Cardiol Young, 14, 255, 10.1017/S1047951104003038

Lee, 2004, Prediction of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction with strain rate imaging in patients with asymptomatic severe mitral regurgitation, Am J Cardiol, 94, 1333, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.07.129

Andersen, 2003, Decreased left ventricular longitudinal contraction in normotensive and normoalbuminuric patients with type II diabetes mellitus, Clin Sci (Lond), 105, 59, 10.1042/CS20020303

Mottram, 2004, Effect of aldosterone antagonism on myocardial dysfunction in hypertensive patients with diastolic heart failure, Circulation, 110, 558, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000138680.89536.A9

Voigt, 2000, New techniques for the quantification of myocardial function, Z Kardiol, 89, 97, 10.1007/s003920070130

Weidemann, 2003, Improvement of cardiac function during enzyme replacement therapy in patients with Fabry disease, Circulation, 108, 1299, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000091253.71282.04

Bauer, 2004, Acute improvement in global and regional left ventricular systolic function after percutaneous heart valve implantation in patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis, Circulation, 110, 1473, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000134961.36773.D6

Voigt, 2002, Strain rate imaging for the assessment of preload-dependent changes in regional left ventricular diastolic longitudinal function, J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 15, 13, 10.1067/mje.2002.116536

Voigt, 2003, Strain-rate imaging during dobutamine stress echocardiography provides objective evidence of inducible ischemia, Circulation, 107, 2120, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000065249.69988.AA

Weidemann, 2003, Defining the transmurality of a chronic myocardial infarction by ultrasonic strain-rate imaging: implications for identifying intramural viability: an experimental study, Circulation, 107, 883, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000050146.66577.4B

Hashimoto, 2003, Myocardial strain rate is a superior method for evaluation of left ventricular subendocardial function compared with tissue Doppler imaging, J Am Coll Cardiol, 42, 1574, 10.1016/j.jacc.2003.05.002

Hoffmann, 2005, Strain rate analysis allows detection of differences in diastolic function between viable and nonviable myocardial segments, J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 18, 330, 10.1016/j.echo.2004.10.028

Hanekom, 2005, Accuracy of strain rate techniques for identification of viability at dobutamine stress echo, Circulation, 112, 3892, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.489310

Fathi, 2001, Effect of tissue Doppler on the accuracy of novice and expert interpreters of dobutamine echocardiography, Am J Cardiol, 88, 400, 10.1016/S0002-9149(01)01687-3