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Các bài báo tiêu biểu
A contribution to the mathematical theory of epidemics
Tập 115 Số 772 - Trang 700-721 - 1927
(1) One of the most striking features in the study of epidemics is the
difficulty of finding a causal factor which appears to be adequate to account
for the magnitude of the frequent epidemics of disease which visit almost every
population. It was with a view to obtaining more insight regarding the effects
of the various factors which govern the spread of contagious epidemics that the
present inve...
Electron emission in intense electric fields
Tập 119 Số 781 - Trang 173-181 - 1928
1. Introduction .—The main features of the phenomenon of the extraction of
electrons from cold metals by intense electric fields are well known, and an
approximate theory of the effect was first developed by Schottky. More recently
the experimental data have been much improved, notably by Millikan and Eyring,
and Millikan and Lauritsen. The theory has been considered afresh by O. W.
Richardson and...
The tension of metallic films deposited by electrolysis
Tập 82 Số 553 - Trang 172-175 - 1909
It is well known that metallic films deposited electrolytically are in many
cases liable to peel off if deposited to any considerable thickness. This is the
case with nickel which, when deposited over a certain thickness, will curl up
into beautiful close rolls, especially if it does not adhere very tightly to the
body on which it is deposited. For example, if a piece of glass is silvered by
any o...
The quantum theory of the emission and absorption of radiation
Tập 114 Số 767 - Trang 243-265 - 1927
The new quantum theory, based on the assumption that the dynamical variables do
not obey the commutative law of multiplication, has by now been developed
sufficiently to form a fairly complete theory of dynamics. One can treat
mathematically the problem of any dynamical system composed of a number of
particles with instantaneous forces acting between them, provided it is
describable by a Hamiltoni...
The viscosity of a fluid containing small drops of another fluid
Tập 138 Số 834 - Trang 41-48 - 1932
The viscosity of a fluid in which small solid spheres are suspended has been
studied by Einstein as a problem in theoretical hydrodynamics. Einstein’s paper
gave rise to many experimental researches on the viscosity of fluids containing
solid particles, and it soon became clear that though complete agreement with
the theory might be expected when the particles are true sphered, some
modification i...
Atmospheric diffusion shown on a distance-neighbour graph
Tập 110 Số 756 - Trang 709-737 - 1926
If the diffusivity K of a substance whose mass per volume of atmosphere is χ be
defined by an equation of Fick’s type ū ∂ χ /∂ x + v - ∂ χ /∂ y + w - ∂ χ /∂ z +
∂ χ /∂ t = ∂/∂ x (K ∂ χ /∂ x ) + ∂/∂ y (K ∂ χ /∂ y ) ∂/∂ z (K ∂ χ /∂ z ), (1) x
, y , z , t being Cartesian co-ordinates and time, ū , v - , w - being the
components of mean velocity, then the measured values of K have been found to be
0·2...
A theory of the electrical breakdown of solid dielectrics
Tập 145 Số 855 - Trang 523-529 - 1934
In the modern theory of metallic conduction initiated by Bloch, conductors,
semi-conductors, and non-conducting crystals may be represented by the same
model. In this model each electron is supposed to move freely in the periodic
field of the lattice. Owing to this field, not all electronic energy levels are
allowed; the allowed levels are grouped into bands, separated by energy
intervals which ar...
The reflection of X-rays by crystals
Tập 88 Số 605 - Trang 428-438 - 1913
In a discussion of the Laue photographs it has been shown that they may
conveniently be interpreted as due to the reflection of X-rays in such planes
within the crystal as are rich in atoms. This leads at once to the attempt to
use cleavage planes as mirrors, and it has been found that mica gives a
reflected pencil from its cleavage plane strong enough to make a visible
impression on a photographi...
On the theory of quantum mechanics
Tập 112 Số 762 - Trang 661-677 - 1926
The new mechanics of the atom introduced by Heisenberg may be based on the
assumption that the variables that describe a dynamical system do not obey the
commutative law of multiplication, but satisfy instead certain quantum
conditions. One can build up a theory without knowing anything about the
dynamical variables except the algebraic laws that they are subject to, and can
show that they may be ...
The cataphoresis of suspended particles. Part I.—The equation of cataphoresis
Tập 133 Số 821 - Trang 106-129 - 1931
§ 1. The theory of cataphoresis, and of the complementary phenomenon of
electrosmosis, is based on the conception of an “ electrical double layer ” at
the interface between the two phases whose relative motion is under
consideration.* In the original theory, as propounded by Quincke and Helmholtz,
this electrical double layer was regarded as a kind of parallel plate condenser
made up of two lamin...