Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Data obtained by the turbidity spectrum method indicate a comparatively high heterogeneity of cellulose solutions in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide monohydrate. The particle size of the disperse phase depends on the temperature-time regime of solution preparation. The concentration of the solution and the degree of polymerization of the cellulose exert an effect on the melting point of the cellulose-MMOMH system.

The closed porosity of polyacrylonitrile fibres wet-spun from dimethyl acetamide solutions was investigated in raising the spinning bath temperature from 2 to 20°C. The dependence of the porosity of the fibre on the conditions of plasticization treatment is established. The fibre treated in saturated vapor medium has higher porosity values (narrow transmission factors in chlorobenzene) than the fibre treated with a hot aqueous solution of dimethyl acetamide. The dependence of the fibre porosity on the drying and repeated washing and subsequent drying temperatures is demonstrated. The mobility of the structural elements increases and the porosity of the fibre decreases with an increase in the drying temperature.

It was found that heat treatment of nonwoven fabric in optimum conditions increases the efficiency of filtration of aqueous suspensions. It is shown that the efficiency of filtration can be increased further by increasing the shrinkage of the fabric, determined by the heat treatment regimes or shrunken fibre content.

The use of hybrid fillers allows attaining a synergistic effect in spinning polymer composite materials (PCM) with an anisotropic structure and the required properties for their functional application with intercalation technology by varying the CF:BF(GF) ratio. Articles of complex configuration with an isotropic structure and sufficiently high mechanical properties were obtained. The possibility and efficacy of using basalt-filled plastics in different sectors of industry were demonstrated.

It was found that incorporation of a third component — LDPE — in the starting two-component blend is an effective method of regulating the spinnability of melts of dispersions and decreasing the effect of superadditive jet spread. The decrease in the degree of jet spread with an increase in the concentration of LDPE is due to accumulation of undeformed particles of disperse phase, formed as a result of destruction of maximally deformed particles of LDPE in the inlet zone and capillary of the spinneret, in the dispersion coming out of the spinneret hole.