Springer Science and Business Media LLC

The aim of this paper is to use Soren Kierkegaard's concept of self to demonstrate some psychological phenomena of child sexual abuse victims. Their self is to a large extent determined by extreme outer circumstances i.e. the abuse and the abusers. In order to cope with the consequent psychological pain, such children employ powerful defense mechanisms which consequently, however, means that they remain longer in the abuse. Psychotherapies are attempts to help them to create their own self and gradually come out of their abuse. However, such creation of oneself is only carried out within their concretely traumatized self.

We examined the relationship between the frequency of four types of aversive exchanges with peers (teased, threatened, hit, excluded), disclosure, and psychological distress in a sample of 130 early adolescents (65 boys, 65 grils). Most (73%) reported at least one aversive exchange with a peer during the 3-month target period. Many reported that they did not talk to anyone about these exchanges. When disclosure occurred, other adolescents were more likely than adults to be chosen as confidants. More frequent aversive exchanges and non-disclosure of these events were related to higher self-reported loneliness for boys and girls. A similar pattern was found for girls only using mothers' ratings of the adolescents' internalizing and externalizing symptoms.

This study assessed the perceptions about medication held by mothers and children with ADHD. Thirty-one mother-child dyads completed questionnaires assessing their knowledge and perceptions of stimulant medication and their level of perceived side effects associated with taking medication for ADHD. Mothers tended to view their children's medication as more beneficial than did their children. Mothers also demonstrated significantly more knowledge about their children's medication. Implications are drawn for research and clinical education of children and parents about medication for ADHD.

This study examined changes in the diagnostic patterns among children and adolescents treated for mental health problems between the years 1995 and 2000. Using a large database (MarketScan®) which compiles claims information from private health insurance plans nationwide, our sample consisted of 100,716 children (under the age of 18) who submitted claims for outpatient mental health services, out of a total of 1,723,681 covered children. Over the five years period, there was a dramatic increase in the proportion of children diagnosed with both Autism and Bipolar disorders. An increase was also observed in Anxiety, ADHD and Depressive disorders. A decrease was observed in diagnostic prevalence of Oppositional, Adjustment and Substance Abuse disorders.

There has been a growing interest in research examining the relationship between parenting and child callous-unemotional (CU) traits, particularly in early childhood. This study reviewed evidence from studies that investigated the relationship between parenting characteristics (e.g., caregiving beliefs, attitudes, behaviour or quality, or parental mental health) and callous-unemotional traits in children aged 0 to 6 years. A systematic search conducted according to PRISMA guidelines yielded 27 peer-reviewed articles. Analysis of the included articles suggested that there was strong evidence to support links between child CU traits and parenting characteristics (particularly, parental feelings about their child, warm parenting, and harsh/ inconsistent parenting). Taken together, the results of this review demonstrate the links between both positive and negative dimensions of parenting and CU traits in early childhood; however, mixed findings highlight the need for further research.

The Exploring Together program is a group-based parent training program that comprises separate parent, child, and teacher components, and a combined parent–child interactive component. A cluster-randomized trial design was used to compare the Exploring Together program with (Exploring Together; ET) and without (Exploring Together-Adapted; ET-Adapted) the parent–child interactive component. One hundred and thirty-six parents and their children (aged 5–10 years) with externalizing and/or internalizing problems participated in the trial, recruited from primary schools. There was a significant reduction in negative parenting behavior across both treatment groups (ET and ET-Adapted) but no significant improvement in positive parenting behaviors. Parenting self-efficacy improved significantly across both treatment groups however there was no significant change in parenting satisfaction or parenting stress. There was no consistent evidence of superiority of one version of the Exploring Together program over the other. Further investigation regarding treatment dosage and mastery of parenting skills associated with the program is warranted.

Despite research supporting the efficacy of weekly outpatient videoconferencing-based cognitive behavioral therapy (VCBT), limited evidence exists about the benefits of leveraging VCBT for brief intensive formats. We examined the effectiveness of an intensive outpatient VCBT targeting pediatric anxiety and OCD. Quasi-experimental design was used to compare outcomes of intensive, in-person, group-based cognitive-behavioral therapy with medication management and caregiver guidance pre-pandemic, to a similar VCBT peri-pandemic (n = 130). Pretreatment and posttreatment assessments included patient- and caregiver-report of anxiety and functional impairment. Analyses of covariance were conducted, examining changes in anxiety and impairment between treatment groups, controlling for admission levels. No significant differences in posttreatment anxiety or impairment were observed between conditions. This study illustrates that intensive, group-based treatment for pediatric anxiety and OCD using VCBT is associated with comparable reductions in anxiety and impairment. It marks a crucial step toward providing broader access to quality care for youth in need.

Sexual minority youth (SMY) represent a population vulnerable to several adverse health consequences. Specifically, SMY experience depression and substance use at substantially higher rates than heterosexual peers. Better understanding the relationship between depression and substance use among SMY may help reduce morbidity and mortality. We hypothesize that depression will moderate increased substance use rates seen in SMY. Weighted logistical analyses of covariance, adjusted for race/ethnicity, sex, and age, compared the relationship between sexual identity, depression, and substance use (14 outcomes), using data from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (n = 13,677) of high school students. SMY reported depression at rates nearly double than heterosexual peers (63.9% vs 33.0%). Except for vaping and alcohol, SMY had significantly higher odds of all SU (aORs 1.41–2.45, p < 0.001–0.0011). After adjusting for depression, odds of all SMY substance use decreased; most relationships remained significant (aORs 0.73–1.89), though the relationship between SMY and lifetime cannabis use became non-significant. The relationship between SMY and current vaping became significant and the relationship between SMY and alcohol and binge-drinking remained non-significant. SMY are at higher risk for use of most substances and depression compared to heterosexual youth. As depression consistently plays a role in the relationship between sexual minority status and adolescent substance use across a wide variety of substances, it may be a modifiable risk factor for substance use among sexual minority youth that should be screened for and treated. This study additionally provides important information for future studies examining nuances of SMY substance use patterns.