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James MacCullagh 1809 − 1847
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 35 - Trang 113-122 - 2010
T. D. Spearman
The purpose of this paper is to set out in general terms the life of the Irish mathematician and theoretical physicist James MacCullagh, in its context of place and time. MacCullagh, who was born two hundred years ago in 1809, was best known for his significant contributions to optics and light propagation, and in particular towards the development of a model of the aether, a central scientific co... hiện toàn bộ
History of solar oblateness measurements and interpretation
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 36 - Trang 407-436 - 2011
J. -P. Rozelot, C. Damiani
The story of the solar oblateness begins in the pre-relativity days when an explanation of the observed advance of Mercury’s perihelion was searched for. Then, examination of historical records during the first decade of the twentieth century shows clearly a strong effort to measure the solar shape. Results show discrepancies, due on one hand, to the fact that physical statements in the solar case... hiện toàn bộ
Charles Galton Darwin’s 1922 quantum theory of optical dispersion
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 45 - Trang 1-23 - 2020
Benjamin Johnson
The quantum theory of dispersion was an important conceptual advancement which led out of the crisis of the old quantum theory in the early 1920s and aided in the formulation of matrix mechanics in 1925. The theory of Charles Galton Darwin, often cited only for its reliance on the statistical conservation of energy, was a wave-based attempt to explain dispersion phenomena at a time between the the... hiện toàn bộ
Lord Kelvin on fluid mechanics
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 37 - Trang 75-114 - 2012
Alex D.D. Craik
William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs, was the best-known British scientist of his day, who made fundamental contributions to many areas of physics and engineering. Though his life and work have been much studied, his contributions to fluid mechanics have received far less attention that those in heat, electricity, magnetism, geophysics, “ether theory” and telegraphy. After a general introduction... hiện toàn bộ
Searching for a response: the intriguing mystery of Feynman’s theoretical reference amplifier
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 44 - Trang 331-347 - 2019
Vincenzo d’Alessandro, Santolo Daliento, Marco Di Mauro, Salvatore Esposito, Adele Naddeo
We analyze Feynman’s work on the response of an amplifier performed at Los Alamos and described in a technical report of 1946, as well as lectured on at the Cornell University in 1946–47 during his course on Mathematical Methods. The motivation for such a work was Feynman’s involvement in the Manhattan Project, for which the necessity emerged of feeding the output pulses of counters into amplifier... hiện toàn bộ
50 Years of experimental particle physics in Bonn. A personal recollection
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 38 Số 4 - Trang 471-506 - 2013
E. Paul
The fifth force: A personal history
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 40 - Trang 385-467 - 2015
Ephraim Fischbach
On January 6, 1986, a paper written by our group appeared in Physical Review Letters entitled “Reanalysis of the Eötvös Experiment”. In that Letter we reanalyzed a well-known 1922 paper by Eötvös, Pekár, and Fekete (EPF) which compared the accelerations of samples of different composition to the Earth. Our surprising conclusion was that “Although the Eötvös experiment has been universally interpre... hiện toàn bộ
JETS and QCD: a historical review of the discovery of the quark and gluon jets and its impact on QCD
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 36 - Trang 245-326 - 2011
A. Ali, G. Kramer
The observation of quark and gluon jets has played a crucial role in establishing Quantum Chromodynamics [QCD] as the theory of the strong interactions within the Standard Model of particle physics. The jets, narrowly collimated bundles of hadrons, reflect configurations of quarks and gluons at short distances. Thus, by analysing energy and angular distributions of the jets experimentally, the pro... hiện toàn bộ
Ryogo Kubo in his formative years as a physicist
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 45 - Trang 175-204 - 2020
Hiroto Kono
The Japanese theoretical physicist Ryogo Kubo made remarkable contributions to statistical mechanics and condensed matter physics, amongst which his name is most widely associated with the linear response theory. Despite his importance in the history of modern physics, however, historians have paid him little attention. Using his unpublished manuscripts in a newly organized archive, this paper exa... hiện toàn bộ
Guglielmo Marconi, Augusto Righi and the invention of wireless telegraphy
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 46 - Trang 1-28 - 2021
Matteo Leone, Nadia Robotti
One of the major accomplishments of the late nineteenth-century applied physics was, as it is well known, the development of wireless telegraphy by Guglielmo Marconi, future Nobel laureate. In this paper, we will explore what scientific debt, if any, Marconi had toward another Italian physicist, internationally well known for his research on electromagnetic waves: Augusto Righi. This question will... hiện toàn bộ
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