Science Technology and Human Values
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Các bài báo tiêu biểu
This is Not a Boundary Object: Reflections on the Origin of a Concept
Tập 35 Số 5 - Trang 601-617 - 2010
There are three components to boundary objects as outlined in the original 1989
article. Interpretive flexibility, the structure of informatic and work process
needs and arrangements, and, finally, the dynamic between ill-structured and
more tailored uses of the objects. Much of the use of the concept has
concentrated on the aspect of interpretive flexibility and has often mistaken or
conflated th...
“Opening Up” and “Closing Down”
Tập 33 Số 2 - Trang 262-294 - 2008
Discursive deference in the governance of science and technology is rebalancing
from expert analysis toward participatory deliberation. Linear, scientistic
conceptions of innovation are giving ground to more plural, socially situated
understandings. Yet, growing recognition of social agency in technology choice
is countered by persistently deterministic notions of technological progress.
This arti...
The Social Construction of Technology: Structural Considerations
Tập 27 Số 1 - Trang 28-52 - 2002
Although scholarship in the social construction of technology (SCOT) has
contributed much to illuminating technological development, most work using this
theoretical approach is committed to an agency-centered approach. SCOT scholars
have made only limited contributions to illustrating the influence of social
structures. In this article, the authors argue for the importance of structural
concepts ...
Is Science a Public Good? Fifth Mullins Lecture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 23 March 1993
Tập 19 Số 4 - Trang 395-424 - 1994
Should governments accept the principle of devoting a proportion of their
resources to funding basic research? From the standpoint of economics, science
should be considered as a public good and for that reason it should be protected
from market forces. This article tries to show that this result can only be
maintained at the price of abandoning arguments traditionally deployed by
economists thems...
Public Concerns in the United Kingdom about General and Specific Applications of Genetic Engineering: Risk, Benefit, and Ethics
Tập 22 Số 1 - Trang 98-124 - 1997
The repertory grid method was used to determine what terminology respondents use
to distinguish between different applications of genetic engineering drawn from
food- related, agricultural, and medical applications. Respondents were asked to
react to fifteen applications phrased in general terms, and results compared
with a second study where fifteen more specific applications were used as
stimuli...
Algorithms, Governance, and Governmentality
Tập 41 Số 1 - Trang 17-49 - 2016
Algorithms, or rather algorithmic actions, are seen as problematic because they
are inscrutable, automatic, and subsumed in the flow of daily practices. Yet,
they are also seen to be playing an important role in organizing opportunities,
enacting certain categories, and doing what David Lyon calls “social sorting.”
Thus, there is a general concern that this increasingly prevalent mode of
ordering ...
Divergent Paradigms of European Agro-Food Innovation
Tập 38 Số 1 - Trang 94-125 - 2013
The Knowledge-Based Bio-Economy (KBBE) has gained prominence as an agricultural
R&D agenda of the European Union. Specific research policies are justified as
necessary to create a KBBE for societal progress. Playing the role of a master
narrative, the KBBE attracts rival visions; each favours a different diagnosis
of unsustainable agriculture and its remedies in agro-food innovation. Each
vision l...
Green Chemistry as Social Movement?
Tập 30 Số 2 - Trang 199-222 - 2005
Are there circumstances under which scientists and engineers doing their
ordinary jobs can be thought of as participants in a social movement? The
technoscientists analyzed in this article are at the forefront of a new way of
doing chemistry; they are attempting to redesign chemical products and synthesis
pathways to significantly reduce health effects and environmental damage from
industrial chem...
Problematic Publics: A Critical Review of Surveys of Public Attitudes to Biotechnology
Tập 22 Số 3 - Trang 317-348 - 1997
This article discusses a range of recent major surveys of public attitudes
toward biotechnology. The authors identify a number of problematic features of
the surveys: the use of predominantly consumerist rather than civic conception
of public discourse; the assumption of a unitary "general public," a "cognitive
deficit" approach to public understanding of science; and the presumption of a
politica...
Making Images/Making Bodies: Visibilizing and Disciplining through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Tập 30 Số 2 - Trang 291-316 - 2005
This article analyzes how the medical gaze made possible by MRI operates in
radiological laboratories. It argues that although computer-assisted medical
imaging technologies such as MRI shift radiological analysis to the realm of
cyborg visuality, radiological analysis continues to depend on visualization
produced by other technologies and diagnostic inputs. In the radiological
laboratory, MRI is ...