Psychological Science
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Cơ quản chủ quản: SAGE Publications Inc.
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Psychology (miscellaneous)
Các bài báo tiêu biểu
False-Positive Psychology
Tập 22 Số 11 - Trang 1359-1366 - 2011
In this article, we accomplish two things. First, we show that despite empirical
psychologists’ nominal endorsement of a low rate of false-positive findings (≤
.05), flexibility in data collection, analysis, and reporting dramatically
increases actual false-positive rates. In many cases, a researcher is more
likely to falsely find evidence that an effect exists than to correctly find
evidence that...
Required Sample Size to Detect the Mediated Effect
Tập 18 Số 3 - Trang 233-239 - 2007
Mediation models are widely used, and there are many tests of the mediated
effect. One of the most common questions that researchers have when planning
mediation studies is, “How many subjects do I need to achieve adequate power
when testing for mediation?” This article presents the necessary sample sizes
for six of the most common and the most recommended tests of mediation for
various combinatio...
Fitness Effects on the Cognitive Function of Older Adults
Tập 14 Số 2 - Trang 125-130 - 2003
A meta-analytic study was conducted to examine the hypothesis that aerobic
fitness training enhances the cognitive vitality of healthy but sedentary older
adults. Eighteen intervention studies published between 1966 and 2001 were
entered into the analysis. Several theoretically and practically important
results were obtained. Most important, fitness training was found to have robust
but selective ...
Positive Emotions Trigger Upward Spirals Toward Emotional Well-Being
Tập 13 Số 2 - Trang 172-175 - 2002
The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions predicts that positive
emotions broaden the scopes of attention and cognition, and, by consequence,
initiate upward spirals toward increasing emotional well-being. The present
study assessed this prediction by testing whether positive affect and
broad-minded coping reciprocally and prospectively predict one another. One
hundred thirty-eight college...
Very Happy People
Tập 13 Số 1 - Trang 81-84 - 2002
A sample of 222 undergraduates was screened for high happiness using multiple
confirming assessment filters. We compared the upper 10% of consistently very
happy people with average and very unhappy people. The very happy people were
highly social, and had stronger romantic and other social relationships than
less happy groups. They were more extroverted, more agreeable, and less
neurotic, and sco...
Self-Discipline Outdoes IQ in Predicting Academic Performance of Adolescents
Tập 16 Số 12 - Trang 939-944 - 2005
In a longitudinal study of 140 eighth-grade students, self-discipline measured
by self-report, parent report, teacher report, and monetary choice
questionnaires in the fall predicted final grades, school attendance,
standardized achievement-test scores, and selection into a competitive high
school program the following spring. In a replication with 164 eighth graders, a
behavioral delay-of-gratifi...
The Relative Trustworthiness of Inferential Tests of the Indirect Effect in Statistical Mediation Analysis
Tập 24 Số 10 - Trang 1918-1927 - 2013
A content analysis of 2 years of Psychological Science articles reveals
inconsistencies in how researchers make inferences about indirect effects when
conducting a statistical mediation analysis. In this study, we examined the
frequency with which popularly used tests disagree, whether the method an
investigator uses makes a difference in the conclusion he or she will reach, and
whether there is a...
Modeling Response Times for Two-Choice Decisions
Tập 9 Số 5 - Trang 347-356 - 1998
The diffusion model for two-choice real-time decisions is applied to four
psychophysical tasks. The model reveals how stimulus information guides
decisions and shows how the information is processed through time to yield
sometimes correct and sometimes incorrect decisions. Rapid two-choice decisions
yield multiple empirical measures: response times for correct and error
responses, the probabilitie...
Impulsivity and Inhibitory Control
Tập 8 Số 1 - Trang 60-64 - 1997
We report an experiment testing the hypothesis that impulsive behavior reflects
a deficit in the ability to inhibit prepotent responses Specifically, we
examined whether impulsive people respond more slowly to signals to inhibit
(stop signals) than non-impulsive people In this experiment, 136 undergraduate
students completed an impulsivity questionnaire and then participated in a
stop-signal exper...
The Capacity of Visual Short-Term Memory is Set Both by Visual Information Load and by Number of Objects
Tập 15 Số 2 - Trang 106-111 - 2004
Previous research has suggested that visual short-term memory has a fixed
capacity of about four objects. However, we found that capacity varied
substantially across the five stimulus classes we examined, ranging from 1.6 for
shaded cubes to 4.4 for colors (estimated using a change detection task). We
also estimated the information load per item in each class, using visual search
rate. The changes...