Psychological Science
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Spontaneous Gestures Influence Strategy Choices in Problem Solving
Psychological Science - Tập 22 Số 9 - Trang 1138-1144 - 2011
Do gestures merely reflect problem-solving processes, or do they play a
functional role in problem solving? We hypothesized that gestures highlight and
structure perceptual-motor information, and thereby make such information more
likely to be used in problem solving. Participants in two experiments solved
problems requiring the prediction of gear movement, either with gesture allowed
or with gest...
Gesturing Gives Children New Ideas About Math
Psychological Science - Tập 20 Số 3 - Trang 267-272 - 2009
How does gesturing help children learn? Gesturing might encourage children to
extract meaning implicit in their hand movements. If so, children should be
sensitive to the particular movements they produce and learn accordingly.
Alternatively, all that may matter is that children move their hands. If so,
they should learn regardless of which movements they produce. To investigate
these alternatives...
Explaining Math: Gesturing Lightens the Load
Psychological Science - Tập 12 Số 6 - Trang 516-522 - 2001
Why is it that people cannot keep their hands still when they talk? One reason
may be that gesturing actually lightens cognitive load while a person is
thinking of what to say. We asked adults and children to remember a list of
letters or words while explaining how they solved a math problem. Both groups
remembered significantly more items when they gestured during their math
explanations than whe...
Time Does Not Heal All Wounds
Psychological Science - Tập 16 Số 12 - Trang 945-950 - 2005
Cross-sectional studies show that divorced people report lower levels of life
satisfaction than do married people. However, such studies cannot determine
whether satisfaction actually changes following divorce. In the current study,
data from an 18-year panel study of more than 30,000 Germans were used to
examine reaction and adaptation to divorce. Results show that satisfaction drops
as one appro...
Speech Perception as a Talker-Contingent Process
Psychological Science - Tập 5 Số 1 - Trang 42-46 - 1994
To determine how familiarity with a talker's voice affects perception of spoken
words, we trained two groups of subjects to recognize a set of voices over a
9-day period One group then identified novel words produced by the same set of
talkers at four signal-to-noise ratios Control subjects identified the same
words produced by a different set of talkers The results showed that the ability
to iden...
Microgenesis and Ontogenesis of Perceptual Organization
Psychological Science - Tập 16 Số 4 - Trang 282-290 - 2005
In two experiments, visual search and speeded classification were used to study
perception of hierarchical patterns among participants aged 5 to 23 years.
Perception of global configurations of few-element patterns and local elements
of many-element patterns showed large age-related improvements. Only minor
age-related changes were observed in perception of global configurations of
many-element pa...
A Neural System for Error Detection and Compensation
Psychological Science - Tập 4 Số 6 - Trang 385-390 - 1993
Humans can monitor actions and compensate for errors. Analysis of the human
event-related brain potentials (ERPs) accompanying errors provides evidence for
a neural process whose activity is specifically associated with monitoring and
compensating for erroneous behavior. This error-related activity is enhanced
when subjects strive for accurate performance but is diminished when response
speed is e...
Classroom Age Composition and the School Readiness of 3- and 4-Year-Olds in the Head Start Program
Psychological Science - Tập 27 Số 1 - Trang 53-63 - 2016
The federal Head Start program, designed to improve the school readiness of
children from low-income families, often serves 3- and 4-year-olds in the same
classrooms. Given the developmental differences between 3- and 4-year-olds, it
is unknown whether educating them together in the same classrooms benefits one
group, both, or neither. Using data from the Family and Child Experiences Survey
2009 c...
Lexical Neighborhoods and the Word-Form Representations of 14-Month-Olds
Psychological Science - Tập 13 Số 5 - Trang 480-484 - 2002
The degree to which infants represent phonetic detail in words has been a source
of controversy in phonology and developmental psychology. One prominent
hypothesis holds that infants store words in a vague or inaccurate form until
the learning of similar-sounding neighbors forces attention to subtle phonetic
distinctions. In the experiment reported here, we used a visual fixation task to
assess wo...
Longitudinal Analysis of Early Semantic Networks
Psychological Science - Tập 20 Số 6 - Trang 729-739 - 2009
Analyses of adult semantic networks suggest a learning mechanism involving
preferential attachment: A word is more likely to enter the lexicon the more
connected the known words to which it is related. We introduce and test two
alternative growth principles: preferential acquisition—words enter the lexicon
not because they are related to well-connected words, but because they connect
well to other...
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