Psychological Science

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Explaining Math: Gesturing Lightens the Load
Psychological Science - Tập 12 Số 6 - Trang 516-522 - 2001
Susan Goldin‐Meadow, Howard C. Nusbaum, Spencer D. Kelly, Susan Wagner
Why is it that people cannot keep their hands still when they talk? One reason may be that gesturing actually lightens cognitive load while a person is thinking of what to say. We asked adults and children to remember a list of letters or words while explaining how they solved a math problem. Both groups remembered significantly more items when they gestured during their math explanations...... hiện toàn bộ
Speech Perception as a Talker-Contingent Process
Psychological Science - Tập 5 Số 1 - Trang 42-46 - 1994
Lynne C. Nygaard, Mitchell S. Sommers, David B. Pisoni
To determine how familiarity with a talker's voice affects perception of spoken words, we trained two groups of subjects to recognize a set of voices over a 9-day period One group then identified novel words produced by the same set of talkers at four signal-to-noise ratios Control subjects identified the same words produced by a different set of talkers The results showed that the abilit...... hiện toàn bộ
Classroom Age Composition and the School Readiness of 3- and 4-Year-Olds in the Head Start Program
Psychological Science - Tập 27 Số 1 - Trang 53-63 - 2016
Arya Ansari, Kelly M. Purtell, Elizabeth T. Gershoff
The federal Head Start program, designed to improve the school readiness of children from low-income families, often serves 3- and 4-year-olds in the same classrooms. Given the developmental differences between 3- and 4-year-olds, it is unknown whether educating them together in the same classrooms benefits one group, both, or neither. Using data from the Family and Child Experiences Surv...... hiện toàn bộ
Very Happy People
Psychological Science - Tập 13 Số 1 - Trang 81-84 - 2002
Ed Diener, Martin E. P. Seligman
A sample of 222 undergraduates was screened for high happiness using multiple confirming assessment filters. We compared the upper 10% of consistently very happy people with average and very unhappy people. The very happy people were highly social, and had stronger romantic and other social relationships than less happy groups. They were more extroverted, more agreeable, and less neurotic...... hiện toàn bộ
Making a Life Worth Living
Psychological Science - Tập 15 Số 6 - Trang 367-372 - 2004
Heather L. Urry, Jack B. Nitschke, Isa Dolski, Daren C. Jackson, Kim M. Dalton, Corrina J. Mueller, Melissa A. Rosenkranz, Carol D. Ryff, Burton H. Singer, Richard J. Davidson
Despite the vast literature that has implicated asymmetric activation of the prefrontal cortex in approach-withdrawal motivation and emotion, no published reports have directly explored the neural correlates of well-being. Eighty-four right-handed adults (ages 57–60) completed self-report measures of eudaimonic well-being, hedonic well-being, and positive affect prior to resting electroenc...... hiện toàn bộ
The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic
Psychological Science - Tập 17 Số 4 - Trang 311-318 - 2006
Nicholas Epley, Thomas Gilovich
One way to make judgments under uncertainty is to anchor on information that comes to mind and adjust until a plausible estimate is reached. This anchoring-and-adjustment heuristic is assumed to underlie many intuitive judgments, and insufficient adjustment is commonly invoked to explain judgmental biases. However, despite extensive research on anchoring effects, evidence for adjustment-b...... hiện toàn bộ
Subliminal Strengthening
Psychological Science - Tập 25 Số 12 - Trang 2127-2135 - 2014
Becca R. Levy, Corey E. Pilver, Pil H. Chung, Martin D. Slade
Negative age stereotypes that older individuals assimilate from their culture predict detrimental outcomes, including worse physical function. We examined, for the first time, whether positive age stereotypes, presented subliminally across multiple sessions in the community, would lead to improved outcomes. Each of 100 older individuals (age = 61–99 years, M = 81) was randomly assigned to...... hiện toàn bộ
Cultural Influences on Neural Substrates of Attentional Control
Psychological Science - Tập 19 Số 1 - Trang 12-17 - 2008
Trey Hedden, Sarah Ketay, Arthur Aron, Hazel Rose Markus, John D. E. Gabrieli
Behavioral research has shown that people from Western cultural contexts perform better on tasks emphasizing independent (absolute) dimensions than on tasks emphasizing interdependent (relative) dimensions, whereas the reverse is true for people from East Asian contexts. We assessed functional magnetic resonance imaging responses during performance of simple visuospatial tasks in which pa...... hiện toàn bộ
Phonological Similarity, Pronunciation Rate, and Memory Span
Psychological Science - Tập 1 Số 1 - Trang 74-77 - 1990
Richard Schweickert, Lawrence Guentert, Lora Hersberger
Memory span is smaller for (a) items taking longer to pronounce and (b) phonologically more similar items. We investigated the relation between the two effects. Chase (1977) found that phonologically similar items were pronounced more slowly than dissimilar ones in a pronunciation task. A pronunciation rate difference in immediate recall could explain the phonological similarity effect as...... hiện toàn bộ
You See, the Ends Don’t Justify the Means
Psychological Science - Tập 23 Số 8 - Trang 861-868 - 2012
Elinor Amit, Joshua D. Greene
We conducted three experiments indicating that characteristically deontological judgments—here, disapproving of sacrificing one person for the greater good of others—are preferentially supported by visual imagery. Experiment 1 used two matched working memory tasks—one visual, one verbal—to identify individuals with relatively visual cognitive styles and individuals with relatively verbal ...... hiện toàn bộ
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