Psychological Science

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Spontaneous Gestures Influence Strategy Choices in Problem Solving
Psychological Science - Tập 22 Số 9 - Trang 1138-1144 - 2011
Martha W. Alibali, Robert C. Spencer, Lucy Knox, Sotaro Kita
Do gestures merely reflect problem-solving processes, or do they play a functional role in problem solving? We hypothesized that gestures highlight and structure perceptual-motor information, and thereby make such information more likely to be used in problem solving. Participants in two experiments solved problems requiring the prediction of gear movement, either with gesture allowed or ...... hiện toàn bộ
Gesturing Gives Children New Ideas About Math
Psychological Science - Tập 20 Số 3 - Trang 267-272 - 2009
Susan Goldin‐Meadow, Susan Wagner Cook, Zachary A. Mitchell
How does gesturing help children learn? Gesturing might encourage children to extract meaning implicit in their hand movements. If so, children should be sensitive to the particular movements they produce and learn accordingly. Alternatively, all that may matter is that children move their hands. If so, they should learn regardless of which movements they produce. To investigate these alt...... hiện toàn bộ
Explaining Math: Gesturing Lightens the Load
Psychological Science - Tập 12 Số 6 - Trang 516-522 - 2001
Susan Goldin‐Meadow, Howard C. Nusbaum, Spencer D. Kelly, Susan Wagner
Why is it that people cannot keep their hands still when they talk? One reason may be that gesturing actually lightens cognitive load while a person is thinking of what to say. We asked adults and children to remember a list of letters or words while explaining how they solved a math problem. Both groups remembered significantly more items when they gestured during their math explanations...... hiện toàn bộ
Time Does Not Heal All Wounds
Psychological Science - Tập 16 Số 12 - Trang 945-950 - 2005
Richard E. Lucas
Cross-sectional studies show that divorced people report lower levels of life satisfaction than do married people. However, such studies cannot determine whether satisfaction actually changes following divorce. In the current study, data from an 18-year panel study of more than 30,000 Germans were used to examine reaction and adaptation to divorce. Results show that satisfaction drops as ...... hiện toàn bộ
Speech Perception as a Talker-Contingent Process
Psychological Science - Tập 5 Số 1 - Trang 42-46 - 1994
Lynne C. Nygaard, Mitchell S. Sommers, David B. Pisoni
To determine how familiarity with a talker's voice affects perception of spoken words, we trained two groups of subjects to recognize a set of voices over a 9-day period One group then identified novel words produced by the same set of talkers at four signal-to-noise ratios Control subjects identified the same words produced by a different set of talkers The results showed that the abilit...... hiện toàn bộ
Microgenesis and Ontogenesis of Perceptual Organization
Psychological Science - Tập 16 Số 4 - Trang 282-290 - 2005
Ruth Kimchi, Bat‐Sheva Hadad, Marlene Behrmann, Stephen Palmer
In two experiments, visual search and speeded classification were used to study perception of hierarchical patterns among participants aged 5 to 23 years. Perception of global configurations of few-element patterns and local elements of many-element patterns showed large age-related improvements. Only minor age-related changes were observed in perception of global configurations of many-e...... hiện toàn bộ
Classroom Age Composition and the School Readiness of 3- and 4-Year-Olds in the Head Start Program
Psychological Science - Tập 27 Số 1 - Trang 53-63 - 2016
Arya Ansari, Kelly M. Purtell, Elizabeth T. Gershoff
The federal Head Start program, designed to improve the school readiness of children from low-income families, often serves 3- and 4-year-olds in the same classrooms. Given the developmental differences between 3- and 4-year-olds, it is unknown whether educating them together in the same classrooms benefits one group, both, or neither. Using data from the Family and Child Experiences Surv...... hiện toàn bộ
Lexical Neighborhoods and the Word-Form Representations of 14-Month-Olds
Psychological Science - Tập 13 Số 5 - Trang 480-484 - 2002
Daniel Swingley, Richard Ν. Aslin
The degree to which infants represent phonetic detail in words has been a source of controversy in phonology and developmental psychology. One prominent hypothesis holds that infants store words in a vague or inaccurate form until the learning of similar-sounding neighbors forces attention to subtle phonetic distinctions. In the experiment reported here, we used a visual fixation task to ...... hiện toàn bộ
Longitudinal Analysis of Early Semantic Networks
Psychological Science - Tập 20 Số 6 - Trang 729-739 - 2009
Thomas T. Hills, Mounir Maouene, Josita Maouene, Adam Sheya, Linda B. Smith
Analyses of adult semantic networks suggest a learning mechanism involving preferential attachment: A word is more likely to enter the lexicon the more connected the known words to which it is related. We introduce and test two alternative growth principles: preferential acquisition—words enter the lexicon not because they are related to well-connected words, but because they connect well...... hiện toàn bộ
Variability and Detection of Invariant Structure
Psychological Science - Tập 13 Số 5 - Trang 431-436 - 2002
Rebecca L. Gómez
Two experiments investigated learning of nonadjacent dependencies by adults and 18-month-olds. Each learner was exposed to three-element strings (e.g., pel-kicey-jic) produced by one of two artificial languages. Both languages contained the same adjacent dependencies, so learners could distinguish the languages only by acquiring dependencies between the first and third elements (the nonad...... hiện toàn bộ
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