General circulation models (GCMs) suggest that rising concentrations of
greenhouse gases may have significant consequences for the global climate. What
is less clear is the extent to which local (subgrid) scale meteorological
processes will be affected. So-called 'downscaling' techniques have subsequently
emerged as a means of bridging the gap between what climate modellers are
currently able to p... hiện toàn bộ
This paper considers key issues in plant invasion ecology, where findings
published since 1990 have significantly improved our understanding of many
aspects of invasions. The review focuses on vascular plants invading natural and
semi-natural ecosystems, and on fundamental ecological issues relating to
species invasiveness and community invasibility. Three big questions addressed
by the SCOPE prog... hiện toàn bộ
Gwendolyn Gyssels, Jean Poesen, E. Bochet, Yanhui Li
Vegetation controls soil erosion rates significantly. The decrease of water
erosion rates with increasing vegetation cover is exponential. This review
reveals that the decrease in water erosion rates with increasing root mass is
also exponential, according to the equation SEP e b RP where SEP is a soil
erosion parameter (e.g., interrill or rill erosion rates relative to erosion
rates of bare topso... hiện toàn bộ
Predictive vegetation mapping can be defined as predicting the geographic
distribution of the vegetation composition across a landscape from mapped
environmental variables. Comput erized predictive vegetation mapping is made
possible by the availability of digital maps of topography and other
environmental variables such as soils, geology and climate variables, and
geographic information system so... hiện toàn bộ
Airborne LiDAR is one of the most effective and reliable means of terrain data
collection. Using LiDAR data for digital elevation model (DEM) generation is
becoming a standard practice in spatial related areas. However, the effective
processing of the raw LiDAR data and the generation of an efficient and
high-quality DEM remain big challenges. This paper reviews the recent advances
of airborne LiD... hiện toàn bộ
Transformations in terrestrial ecosystems are increasingly regarded as an
important element of global change. Quantitative data on where, when and why
land-cover changes take place globally are still incomplete. This article
reviews recent approaches to the monitoring and modelling of deforestation and
dryland degradation in tropical regions. The review highlights the requirement
to tailor the inv... hiện toàn bộ
In the last decade a growing number of environmental scientists have advocated
economic valuation of ecosystem services as a pragmatic short-term strategy to
communicate the value of biodiversity in a language that reflects dominant
political and economic views. This paper revisits the controversy on economic
valuation of ecosystem services in the light of two aspects that are often
neglected in o... hiện toàn bộ
Peter Scull, Janet Franklin, Oliver A. Chadwick, David S. McArthur
Predictive soil mapping (PSM) can be defined as the development of a numerical
or statistical model of the relationship among environmental variables and soil
properties, which is then applied to a geographic data base to create a
predictive map. PSM is made possible by geocomputational technologies developed
over the past few decades. For example, advances in geographic information
science, digit... hiện toàn bộ
Political ecology examines the political dynamics surrounding material and
discursive struggles over the environment in the third world. The role of
unequal power relations in constituting a politicized environment is a central
theme. Particular attention is given to the ways in which conflict over access
to environmental resources is linked to systems of political and economic
control first elabo... hiện toàn bộ