Population Health Metrics
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The impact of individual-level heterogeneity on estimated infectious disease burden: a simulation study
Population Health Metrics - - 2016
Disease burden is not evenly distributed within a population; this uneven distribution can be due to individual heterogeneity in progression rates between disease stages. Composite measures of disease burden that are based on disease progression models, such as the disability-adjusted life year (DALY), are widely used to quantify the current and future burden of infectious diseases. Our goal was t......
Social capital is associated with lower mosquito vector indices: secondary analysis from a cluster randomised controlled trial of community mobilisation for dengue prevention in Mexico
Population Health Metrics - Tập 17 - Trang 1-11 - 2019
Control of the Aedes aegypti mosquito is central to reducing the risk of dengue, zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever. Randomised controlled trials, including the Camino Verde trial in Mexico and Nicaragua, demonstrate the convincing impact of community mobilisation interventions on vector indices. These interventions might work through building social capital but little is known about the relation......
Information–processing methods for mortality surveillance in the presence of varying levels of completeness and ill–defined codes of causes of death – the case of Brazil
Population Health Metrics - Tập 12 - Trang 1-7 - 2014
The World Health Organization has developed proposals on how efforts to reduce non–communicable diseases (NCD) in low– and middle–income countries may be monitored over time. One of the proposed indicators is the unconditional probability of death between the ages of 30 and 70 from any of the four main groups of non–communicable diseases – cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory diseas......
Preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus in Qatar by reducing obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity: mathematical modeling analyses
Population Health Metrics - Tập 17 - Trang 1-13 - 2019
The aim of this study was to estimate the impact of reducing the prevalence of obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity, and introducing physical activity as an explicit intervention, on the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), using Qatar as an example. A population-level mathematical model was adapted and expanded. The model was stratified by sex, age group, risk factor status, T2DM statu......
Effects on the estimated cause-specific mortality fraction of providing physician reviewers with different formats of verbal autopsy data
Population Health Metrics - Tập 9 - Trang 1-7 - 2011
The process of data collection and the methods used to assign the cause of death vary significantly among different verbal autopsy protocols, but there are few data to describe the consequences of the choices made. The aim of this study was to objectively define the impact of the format of data presented to physician reviewers on the cause-specific mortality fractions defined by a verbal autopsy-b......
Age- and sex-specific spatio-temporal patterns of colorectal cancer mortality in Spain (1975-2008)
Population Health Metrics - Tập 12 - Trang 1-11 - 2014
In this paper, space-time patterns of colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality risks are studied by sex and age group (50-69, ≥70) in Spanish provinces during the period 1975-2008. Space-time conditional autoregressive models are used to perform the statistical analyses. A pronounced increase in mortality risk has been observed in males for both age-groups. For males between 50 and 69 years of age, trend......
Depressive disorders in Brazil: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Population Health Metrics - Tập 18 - Trang 1-13 - 2020
Depression is one of the major causes of disability worldwide. The objective of this study was to analyze the results of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (GBD-2017) for depressive disorders in Brazil and its Federated Units (FUs) in 1990 and 2017. We used GBD-2017 study methodology to evaluate the prevalence estimates, the disability-adjusted life-year (DALY), and the years lived with disab......
Looking at the smoking epidemic through the lens of population pyramids: sociodemographic patterns of smoking in Italy, 1983 to 2005
Population Health Metrics - Tập 10 - Trang 1-8 - 2012
Surveillance systems often present data by means of summary measures, like age-standardised rates. In this study, we aimed at comparing information derived from commonly used measures of smoking with that presented in modified population pyramids (PPs), using the example of the diffusion of smoking in Italy over the past two decades. Data were derived from four National Health Interview Surveys ca......
Measurement of vaccination coverage at age 24 and 19–35 months: a case study of multiple imputation in public health
Population Health Metrics - Tập 3 - Trang 1-8 - 2005
Childhood immunization coverage in the United States (U.S.) is often measured at age 24 months or, in the National Immunization Survey (NIS) at age of interview, which is between 19 and 35 months. This paper compares these standards. Data from the NIS is used to compare immunization coverage at time of interview, retrospectively among all children aged 24 or more months at time of interview, and o......
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