Plant, Cell and Environment
0140-7791
1365-3040
Anh Quốc
Cơ quản chủ quản: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd , WILEY
Lĩnh vực:
PhysiologyPlant Science
Phân tích ảnh hưởng
Thông tin về tạp chí
Publishing only the best work, Plant, Cell & Environment publishes original research, either theoretical or experimental, that provides novel insights into the ways that plants respond to their environment. Thus the journal covers plant biochemistry, molecular biology, biophysics, cell physiology, whole plant physiology, crop physiology and physiological ecology, together with structural, genetic, pathological and meteorological aspects as related to plant function. Work at any scale, from the molecular to the community level, is welcomed.
Các bài báo tiêu biểu
Light acclimation, retrograde signalling, cell death and immune defences in plants ABSTRACT This review confronts the classical view of plant immune defence and light acclimation with recently published data. Earlier findings have linked plant immune defences to nucleotide‐binding site leucine‐rich repeat (NBS‐LRR)‐dependent recognition of pathogen effectors and to the role of plasma membrane‐localized NADPH‐dependent oxidoreductase (AtRbohD), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and salicylic acid (SA). However, recent results suggest that plant immune defence also depends on the absorption of excessive light energy and photorespiration. Rapid changes in light intensity and quality often cause the absorption of energy, which is in excess of that required for photosynthesis. Such excessive light energy is considered to be a factor triggering photoinhibition and disturbance in ROS/hormonal homeostasis, which leads to cell death in foliar tissues. We highlight here the tight crosstalk between ROS‐ and SA‐dependent pathways leading to light acclimation, and defence responses leading to pathogen resistance. We also show that LESION SIMULATING DISEASE 1 (LSD1) regulates and integrates these processes. Moreover, we discuss the role of plastid–nucleus signal transduction, photorespiration, photoelectrochemical signalling and ‘light memory’ in the regulation of acclimation and immune defence responses. All of these results suggest that plants have evolved a genetic system that simultaneously regulates systemic acquired resistance (SAR), cell death and systemic acquired acclimation (SAA).
Tập 36 Số 4 - Trang 736-744 - 2013
Acclimation of metabolism to light in <scp><i>A</i></scp><i>rabidopsis thaliana</i>: the glucose 6‐phosphate/phosphate translocator <scp>GPT</scp>2 directs metabolic acclimation Abstract Mature leaves of plants transferred from low to high light typically increase their photosynthetic capacity. In A rabidopsis thaliana , this dynamic acclimation requires expression of GPT 2, a glucose 6‐phosphate/phosphate translocator. Here, we examine the impact of GPT 2 on leaf metabolism and photosynthesis. Plants of wild type and of a GPT 2 knockout (gpt2.2) grown under low light achieved the same photosynthetic rate despite having different metabolic and transcriptomic strategies. Immediately upon transfer to high light, gpt2.2 plants showed a higher rate of photosynthesis than wild‐type plants (35%); however, over subsequent days, wild‐type plants acclimated photosynthetic capacity, increasing the photosynthesis rate by 100% after 7 d. Wild‐type plants accumulated more starch than gpt2.2 plants throughout acclimation. We suggest that GPT 2 activity results in the net import of glucose 6‐phosphate from cytosol to chloroplast, increasing starch synthesis. There was clear acclimation of metabolism, with short‐term changes typically being reversed as plants acclimated. Distinct responses to light were observed in wild‐type and gpt2.2 leaves. Significantly higher levels of sugar phosphates were observed in gpt2.2 . We suggest that GPT 2 alters the distribution of metabolites between compartments and that this plays an essential role in allowing the cell to interpret environmental signals.
Tập 38 Số 7 - Trang 1404-1417 - 2015
Molecular signatures associated with increased freezing tolerance due to low temperature memory in <i>Arabidopsis</i> Abstract Alternating temperatures require fast and coordinated adaptation responses of plants. Cold acclimation has been extensively investigated and results in increased freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana . Here, we show that the two Arabidopsis accessions, Col‐0 and N14, which differ in their freezing tolerance, showed memory of cold acclimation, that is, cold priming. Freezing tolerance was higher in plants exposed to cold priming at 4°C, a lag phase at 20°C, and a second triggering cold stress (4°C) than in plants that were only cold primed. To our knowledge, this is the first report on cold memory improving plant freezing tolerance. The triggering response was distinguishable from the priming response at the levels of gene expression (RNA‐Seq), lipid (ultraperformance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry), and metabolite composition (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry). Transcriptomic responses pointed to induced lipid, secondary metabolism, and stress in Col‐0 and growth‐related functions in N14. Specific accumulation of lipids included arabidopsides with possible functions as signalling molecules or precursors of jasmonic acid. Whereas cold‐induced metabolites such as raffinose and its precursors were maintained in N14 during the lag phase, they were strongly accumulated in Col‐0 after the cold trigger. This indicates genetic differences in the transcriptomic and metabolic patterns during cold memory.
Tập 42 Số 3 - Trang 854-873 - 2019
Quantifying the dynamics of light tolerance in<scp><i>A</i></scp><i>rabidopsis</i>plants during ontogenesis Abstract The amount of light plants can tolerate during different phases of ontogenesis remains largely unknown. This was addressed here employing a novel methodology that uses the coefficient of photochemical quenching (qP ) to assess the intactness of photosystemII reaction centres. Fluorescence quenching coefficients, total chlorophyll content and concentration of anthocyanins were determined weekly during the juvenile, adult, reproductive and senescent phases of plant ontogenesis. This enabled quantification of the protective effectiveness of non‐photochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ ) and determination of light tolerance. The light intensity that caused photoinhibition in 50% of leaf population increased from ∼70 μ mol m−2 s−1 , for 1‐week‐old seedlings, to a maximum of 1385 μ mol m−2 s−1 for 8‐week‐old plants. After 8 weeks, the tolerated light intensity started to gradually decline, becoming only 332 μ mol m−2 s−1 for 13‐week‐old plants. The dependency of light tolerance on plant age was well‐related to the amplitude of protectiveNPQ (pNPQ ) and the electron transport rates (ETR s). Light tolerance did not, however, show a similar trend to chlorophylla /b ratios and content of anthocyanins. Our data suggest that pNPQ is crucial in defining the capability of high light tolerance byA rabidopsis plants during ontogenesis.
Tập 38 Số 12 - Trang 2603-2617 - 2015
Subcellular reprogramming of metabolism during cold acclimation in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> Abstract Metabolite changes in plant leaves during exposure to low temperatures involve re‐allocation of a large number of metabolites between sub‐cellular compartments. Therefore, metabolite determination at the whole cell level may be insufficient for interpretation of the functional significance of cellular compounds. To investigate the cold‐induced metabolite dynamics at the level of individual sub‐cellular compartments, an integrative platform was developed that combines quantitative metabolite profiling by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) with the non‐aqueous fractionation technique allowing separation of cytosol, vacuole and the plastidial compartment. Two mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana representing antipodes in the diversion of carbohydrate metabolism between sucrose and starch were compared to Col‐0 wildtype before and after cold acclimation to investigate interactions of cold acclimation with subcellular re‐programming of metabolism. A multivariate analysis of the data set revealed dominant effects of compartmentation on metabolite concentrations that were modulated by environmental condition and genetic determinants. While for both, the starchless mutant of plastidial phospho‐gluco mutase (pgm ) and a mutant defective in sucrose‐phosphate synthase A1, metabolic constraints, especially at low temperature, could be uncovered based on subcellularly resolved metabolite profiles, only pgm had lowered freezing tolerance. Metabolic profiles of pgm point to redox imbalance as a possible reason for reduced cold acclimation capacity.
Tập 40 Số 5 - Trang 602-610 - 2017
Cytokinin modulates proteomic, transcriptomic and growth responses to temperature shocks in <scp><i>A</i></scp><i>rabidopsis</i> Abstract As sessile organisms, plants must sense environmental conditions and adjust their growth and development processes accordingly, through adaptive responses regulated by various internal factors, including hormones. A key environmental factor is temperature, but temperature‐sensing mechanisms are not fully understood despite intense research. We investigated proteomic responses to temperature shocks (15 min cold or heat treatments) with and without exogenous applications of cytokinin in A rabidopsis . Image and mass spectrometric analysis of the two‐dimensionally separated proteins detected 139 differentially regulated spots, in which 148 proteins were identified, most of which have not been previously linked to temperature perception. More than 70% of the temperature‐shock response proteins were modulated by cytokinin, mostly in a similar manner as heat shock. Data mining of previous transcriptomic datasets supported extensive interactions between temperature and cytokinin signalling. The biological significance of this finding was tested by assaying an independent growth response of A rabidopsis seedlings to heat stress: hypocotyl elongation. This response was strongly inhibited in mutants with deficiencies in cytokinin signalling or endogenous cytokinin levels. Thus, cytokinins may directly participate in heat signalling in plants. Finally, large proportions of both temperature‐shock and cytokinin responsive proteomes co‐localize to the chloroplast, which might therefore host a substantial proportion of the temperature response machinery.
Tập 37 Số 7 - Trang 1641-1655 - 2014
Role of ethylene in alleviation of cadmium‐induced photosynthetic capacity inhibition by sulphur in mustard ABSTRACT Sulphur (S) assimilation leads to the formation of glutathione (GSH) and alleviation of cadmium (Cd) stress. GSH is synthesized from its immediate metabolite cysteine, which also serves as a metabolite for ethylene formation through S‐adenosyl methionine. To assess the role of ethylene in S‐induced alleviation of Cd stress on photosynthesis, the effects of S or ethephon (ethylene source) on GSH and ethylene were examined in mustard (Brassica juncea L. cv. Varuna). Sufficient‐S at 100 mg S kg−1 soil alleviated Cd‐induced photosynthetic inhibition more than excess‐S (200 mg S kg−1 soil) via ethylene by increased GSH. Under Cd stress, plants were less sensitive to ethylene, despite high ethylene evolution, and showed photosynthetic inhibition. Ethylene sensitivity of plants increased with ethephon or sufficient‐S, triggering the induction of an antioxidant system, and leading to increased photosynthesis even under Cd stress. The effects of ethephon and S under Cd stress were similar. The effects of S were reversed by ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), suggesting that ethylene plays an important role in S‐induced alleviation of Cd stress on photosynthesis.
Tập 35 Số 3 - Trang 524-533 - 2012
The OsHMA2 transporter is involved in root‐to‐shoot translocation of Zn and Cd in rice ABSTRACT Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plants and humans. Cadmium (Cd) is a Zn analog and one of the most toxic heavy metals to humans. Here we investigated the role of the Zn/Cd transporter OsHMA2. OsHMA2:GFP fusion protein localized to the plasma membrane in onion epidermal cells. The yeast expressing OsHMA2 was able to reverse the growth defect in the presence of excess Zn. The expression of OsHMA2 in rice was observed mainly in the roots where OsHMA2 transcripts were abundant in vascular bundles. Furthermore, Zn and Cd concentrations of OsHMA2 ‐suppressed rice decreased in the leaves, while the Zn concentration increased in the roots compared with the wild type (WT). These results suggest that OsHMA2 plays a role in Zn and Cd loading to the xylem and participates in root‐to‐shoot translocation of these metals in rice. Furthermore, the Cd concentration in the grains of OsHMA2 ‐overexpressing rice as well as in OsSUT1‐promoter OsHMA2 rice decreased to about half that of the WT, although the other metal concentrations were the same as in the WT. A phenotype that reduces only the Cd concentration in rice grains will be very useful for transgenic approaches to food safety.
Tập 35 Số 11 - Trang 1948-1957 - 2012
Sulphate assimilation under Cd<sup>2+</sup> stress in <i>Physcomitrella patens </i>– combined transcript, enzyme and metabolite profiling ABSTRACT Cd2+ causes disturbance of metabolic pathways through severe damage on several levels. Here we present a comprehensive study of Cd2+ ‐mediated effects on transcript, enzyme and metabolite levels in a plant without phytochelatin (PC). The moss Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) B.S.G. was stressed with up to 10 µ m Cd2+ to investigate the regulation of gene transcription and activities of enzymes involved in the assimilatory sulphate reduction pathway and in glutathione biosynthesis. Real‐time PCR, specific enzyme assays as well as thiol peptide profiling techniques were applied. Upon supplementation of 10 µ m Cd2+ , the moss showed a more than fourfold increase in expression of genes encoding ATP sulphurylase (ATPS), adenosylphosphosulphate reductase, phosphoradenosylphosphorsulphate reductase, sulphite reductase (SiR) and γ ‐glutamyl cysteine synthetase (γ ‐ECS). Likewise, elevated enzyme activities of γ ‐ECS and glutathione synthetase were observed. Contrarily, activity of O‐acetylserine (thiol) lyase (OAS‐TL), responsible for biosynthesis of cysteine, was diminished. At the metabolite level, nearly doubling of intracellular cysteine and glutathione content was noted, while the moss did not produce any detectable amounts of PCs. These results suggest a Cd2+ ‐induced activation of the assimilatory sulphate reduction pathway as well as of glutathione biosynthesis on different levels of regulation.
Tập 29 Số 9 - Trang 1801-1811 - 2006