Physiological Reviews

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Paradoxical Roles of Antioxidant Enzymes: Basic Mechanisms and Health Implications
Physiological Reviews - Tập 96 Số 1 - Trang 307-364 - 2016
Xin Gen Lei, Jian‐Hong Zhu, Wen-Hsing Cheng, Yongping Bao, Ye-Shih Ho, Amit R. Reddi, Arne Holmgren, Elias S.J. Arnér
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated from aerobic metabolism, as a result of accidental electron leakage as well as regulated enzymatic processes. Because ROS/RNS can induce oxidative injury and act in redox signaling, enzymes metabolizing them will inherently promote either health or disease, depending on the physiological context. It is thus mis...... hiện toàn bộ
Understanding Adipocyte Differentiation
Physiological Reviews - Tập 78 Số 3 - Trang 783-809 - 1998
Francine M. Gregoire, Cynthia M. Smas, Hei Sook Sul
Gregoire, Francine M., Cynthia M. Smas, and Hei Sook Sul. Understanding Adipocyte Differentiation. Physiol. Rev. 78: 783–809, 1998. — The adipocyte plays a critical role in energy balance. Adipose tissue growth involves an increase in adipocyte size and the formation of new adipocytes from precursor cells. For the last 20 years, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of adipocyte differenti...... hiện toàn bộ
Epithelial Sodium Channel/Degenerin Family of Ion Channels: A Variety of Functions for a Shared Structure
Physiological Reviews - Tập 82 Số 3 - Trang 735-767 - 2002
Stephan Kellenberger, Laurent Schild
The recently discovered epithelial sodium channel (ENaC)/degenerin (DEG) gene family encodes sodium channels involved in various cell functions in metazoans. Subfamilies found in invertebrates or mammals are functionally distinct. The degenerins in Caenorhabditis elegansparticipate in mechanotransduction in neuronal cells, FaNaC in snails is a ligand-gated channel activated by neuropeptide...... hiện toàn bộ
Nerve growth factor.
Physiological Reviews - Tập 48 Số 3 - Trang 534-569 - 1968
Rita Levi‐Montalcini, P. U. Angeletti
Oxysterols: Modulators of Cholesterol Metabolism and Other Processes
Physiological Reviews - Tập 80 Số 1 - Trang 361-554 - 2000
George J. Schroepfer
Oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol (oxysterols) present a remarkably diverse profile of biological activities, including effects on sphingolipid metabolism, platelet aggregation, apoptosis, and protein prenylation. The most notable oxysterol activities center around the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis, which appears to be controlled in part by a complex series of interactions of o...... hiện toàn bộ
Immunologic system in the respiratory tract
Physiological Reviews - Tập 71 Số 4 - Trang 1117-1133 - 1991
Herbert Y. Reynolds
Regulation of Increased Blood Flow (Hyperemia) to Muscles During Exercise: A Hierarchy of Competing Physiological Needs
Physiological Reviews - Tập 95 Số 2 - Trang 549-601 - 2015
Michael J. Joyner, Darren P. Casey
This review focuses on how blood flow to contracting skeletal muscles is regulated during exercise in humans. The idea is that blood flow to the contracting muscles links oxygen in the atmosphere with the contracting muscles where it is consumed. In this context, we take a top down approach and review the basics of oxygen consumption at rest and during exercise in humans, how these values ...... hiện toàn bộ
Glial cells and the central myelin sheath.
Physiological Reviews - Tập 48 Số 1 - Trang 197-251 - 1968
R P Bunge
Mechanisms of calcium signaling by cyclic ADP-ribose and NAADP
Physiological Reviews - Tập 77 Số 4 - Trang 1133-1164 - 1997
H. C. Lee
Cells possess various mechanisms for transducing external signals to intracellular responses. The discovery of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) as a messenger for mobilizing internal Ca2+ stores has centralized Ca2+ mobilization among signaling mechanisms. Results reviewed in this article establish that, in addition to IP3, the internal Ca2+ stores can be mobilized by at least two other...... hiện toàn bộ
Arrhythmogenic Ion-Channel Remodeling in the Heart: Heart Failure, Myocardial Infarction, and Atrial Fibrillation
Physiological Reviews - Tập 87 Số 2 - Trang 425-456 - 2007
Stanley Nattel, Ange Maguy, Sabrina Le Bouter, Yung‐Hsin Yeh
Rhythmic and effective cardiac contraction depends on appropriately timed generation and spread of cardiac electrical activity. The basic cellular unit of such activity is the action potential, which is shaped by specialized proteins (channels and transporters) that control the movement of ions across cardiac cell membranes in a highly regulated fashion. Cardiac disease modifies the operat...... hiện toàn bộ
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