Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

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Computational thinking and thinking about computing
Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences - Tập 366 Số 1881 - Trang 3717-3725 - 2008
Jeannette M. Wing
Computational thinking will influence everyone in every field of endeavour. This vision poses a new educational challenge for our society, especially for our children. In thinking about computing, we need to be attuned to the three drivers of our field: science, technology and society. Accelerating technological advances and monumental societal demands force us to revisit the most basic sc...... hiện toàn bộ
Drag reduction by riblets
Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences - Tập 369 Số 1940 - Trang 1412-1427 - 2011
Ricardo García-Mayoral, Javier Jiménez
The interaction of the overlying turbulent flow with riblets, and its impact on their drag reduction properties are analysed. In the so-called viscous regime of vanishing riblet spacing, the drag reduction is proportional to the riblet size, but for larger riblets the proportionality breaks down, and the drag reduction eventually becomes an increase. It is found that the groov...... hiện toàn bộ
Gas adsorption and structural diversity in a family of Cu(II) pyridyl-isophthalate metal–organic framework materials
Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences - Tập 375 Số 2084 - Trang 20160334 - 2017
Jamie A. Gould, Harprit Singh Athwal, Alexander J. Blake, William Lewis, Peter Hubberstey, Neil R. Champness, Martin Schröder
A family of Cu(II)-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has been synthesized using three pyridyl-isophthalate ligands, H 2 L 1 (4′-(pyridin-4-yl)biphenyl-3,5-dicarboxylic acid), H 2 L 2 (4′′-(pyridi...... hiện toàn bộ
DNA, dichotomic classes and frame synchronization: a quasi-crystal framework
Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences - Tập 370 Số 1969 - Trang 2987-3006 - 2012
Simone Giannerini, Diego Luis Gonzalez, Rodolfo Rosa
In this article, we show how a new mathematical model of the genetic code can be exploited for investigating the almost periodic properties of DNA and mRNA protein-coding sequences. We present the main mathematical features of the model and highlight its connections with both number theory and group theory. The group theoretic framework presents interesting analogies with the theory of cry...... hiện toàn bộ
Alkaline air: changing perspectives on nitrogen and air pollution in an ammonia-rich world
Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences - Tập 378 Số 2183 - Trang 20190315 - 2020
Mark A. Sutton, Netty van Dijk, Peter Levy, Matthew R. Jones, Ian D. Leith, Lucy J. Sheppard, Sarah R. Leeson, Y. Sim Tang, Amy Stephens, Christine F. Braban, U. Dragosits, Clare Howard, Massimo Vieno, D. Fowler, Paul Corbett, Mohd Irfan Naikoo, Silvana Munzi, Christopher J. Ellis, Sudipto Chatterjee, Claudia Steadman, Andrea Móring, P. A. Wolseley
Ammonia and ammonium have received less attention than other forms of air pollution, with limited progress in controlling emissions at UK, European and global scales. By contrast, these compounds have been of significant past interest to science and society, the recollection of which can inform future strategies. Sal ammoniac ( nūshādir ...... hiện toàn bộ
A chronology of global air quality
Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences - Tập 378 Số 2183 - Trang 20190314 - 2020
D. Fowler, Peter Brimblecombe, J. P. Burrows, Mathew R. Heal, Peringe Grennfelt, D. S. Stevenson, Alan Jowett, Eiko Nemitz, Mhairi Coyle, Xuejun Liu, Yunhua Chang, Gary W. Fuller, Mark A. Sutton, Zbigniew Klimont, M. H. Unsworth, Massimo Vieno
Air pollution has been recognized as a threat to human health since the time of Hippocrates,ca400 BC. Successive written accounts of air pollution occur in different countries through the following two millennia until measurements, from the eighteenth century onwards, show the growing scale of poor air quality in urban centres and close to industry, and the chemi...... hiện toàn bộ
The role of self-organization during confined comminution of granular materials
Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences - Tập 368 Số 1910 - Trang 231-247 - 2010
Oded Ben-Nun, Itai Einav
During confined comminution of granular materials a power-law grain size distribution (gsd) frequently evolves. We consider this power law as a hint for fractal topology if self-similar patterns appear across the scales. We demonstrate that this ultimate topology is mostly affected by the rules that define the self-organization of the fragment subunits, which agrees well with observations ...... hiện toàn bộ
Ultra-precision: enabling our future
Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences - Tập 370 Số 1973 - Trang 3993-4014 - 2012
Paul Shore, Paul Morantz
This paper provides a perspective on the development of ultra-precision technologies: What drove their evolution and what do they now promise for the future as we face the consequences of consumption of the Earth’s finite resources? Improved application of measurement is introduced as a major enabler of mass production, and its resultant impact on wealth generation is considered. This pape...... hiện toàn bộ
Development and recent evaluation of the MT_CKD model of continuum absorption
Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences - Tập 370 Số 1968 - Trang 2520-2556 - 2012
E. J. Mlawer, Vivienne H. Payne, Jean‐Luc Moncet, Jennifer Delamere, M. J. Alvarado, David C. Tobin
Water vapour continuum absorption is an important contributor to the Earth's radiative cooling and energy balance. Here, we describe the development and status of the MT_CKD (MlawerTobinCloughKneizysDavies) water vapour continuum absorption model. The perspective adopted in developing the MT_CKD model has been to constrain the model so that it is consistent with quality analys...... hiện toàn bộ
Independent component analysis: recent advances
Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences - Tập 371 Số 1984 - Trang 20110534 - 2013
Aapo Hyvärinen
Independent component analysis is a probabilistic method for learning a linear transform of a random vector. The goal is to find components that are maximally independent and non-Gaussian (non-normal). Its fundamental difference to classical multi-variate statistical methods is in the assumption of non-Gaussianity, which enables the identification of original, underlying components, in con...... hiện toàn bộ
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