Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences
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Computational thinking and thinking about computing
Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences - Tập 366 Số 1881 - Trang 3717-3725 - 2008
Computational thinking will influence everyone in every field of endeavour. This
vision poses a new educational challenge for our society, especially for our
children. In thinking about computing, we need to be attuned to the three
drivers of our field: science, technology and society. Accelerating
technological advances and monumental societal demands force us to revisit the
most basic scientific...
Drag reduction by riblets
Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences - Tập 369 Số 1940 - Trang 1412-1427 - 2011
The interaction of the overlying turbulent flow with riblets, and its impact on
their drag reduction properties are analysed. In the so-called viscous regime of
vanishing riblet spacing, the drag reduction is proportional to the riblet size,
but for larger riblets the proportionality breaks down, and the drag reduction
eventually becomes an increase. It is found that the groove cross section A + g...
Gas adsorption and structural diversity in a family of Cu(II) pyridyl-isophthalate metal–organic framework materials
Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences - Tập 375 Số 2084 - Trang 20160334 - 2017
A family of Cu(II)-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has been synthesized
using three pyridyl-isophthalate ligands, H 2 L 1
(4′-(pyridin-4-yl)biphenyl-3,5-dicarboxylic acid), H 2 L 2
(4′′-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,1′:4′,1′′-terphenyl-3,5-dicarboxylic acid) and H 2 L 3
(5-[4-(pyridin-4-yl)naphthalen-1-yl]benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid). Although in
each case the pyridyl-isophthalate ligands adopt the sam...
DNA, dichotomic classes and frame synchronization: a quasi-crystal framework
Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences - Tập 370 Số 1969 - Trang 2987-3006 - 2012
In this article, we show how a new mathematical model of the genetic code can be
exploited for investigating the almost periodic properties of DNA and mRNA
protein-coding sequences. We present the main mathematical features of the model
and highlight its connections with both number theory and group theory. The
group theoretic framework presents interesting analogies with the theory of
crystals. M...
Alkaline air: changing perspectives on nitrogen and air pollution in an ammonia-rich world
Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences - Tập 378 Số 2183 - Trang 20190315 - 2020
Ammonia and ammonium have received less attention than other forms of air
pollution, with limited progress in controlling emissions at UK, European and
global scales. By contrast, these compounds have been of significant past
interest to science and society, the recollection of which can inform future
strategies. Sal ammoniac ( nūshādir , nao sha ) is found to have been extremely
valuable in long-...
A chronology of global air quality
Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences - Tập 378 Số 2183 - Trang 20190314 - 2020
Air pollution has been recognized as a threat to human health since the time of
Hippocrates,ca400 BC. Successive written accounts of air pollution occur in
different countries through the following two millennia until measurements, from
the eighteenth century onwards, show the growing scale of poor air quality in
urban centres and close to industry, and the chemical characteristics of the
gases an...
The role of self-organization during confined comminution of granular materials
Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences - Tập 368 Số 1910 - Trang 231-247 - 2010
During confined comminution of granular materials a power-law grain size
distribution (gsd) frequently evolves. We consider this power law as a hint for
fractal topology if self-similar patterns appear across the scales. We
demonstrate that this ultimate topology is mostly affected by the rules that
define the self-organization of the fragment subunits, which agrees well with
observations from sim...
Ultra-precision: enabling our future
Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences - Tập 370 Số 1973 - Trang 3993-4014 - 2012
This paper provides a perspective on the development of ultra-precision
technologies: What drove their evolution and what do they now promise for the
future as we face the consequences of consumption of the Earth’s finite
resources? Improved application of measurement is introduced as a major enabler
of mass production, and its resultant impact on wealth generation is considered.
This paper identi...
Development and recent evaluation of the MT_CKD model of continuum absorption
Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences - Tập 370 Số 1968 - Trang 2520-2556 - 2012
Water vapour continuum absorption is an important contributor to the Earth's
radiative cooling and energy balance. Here, we describe the development and
status of the MT_CKD (MlawerTobinCloughKneizysDavies) water vapour continuum
absorption model. The perspective adopted in developing the MT_CKD model has
been to constrain the model so that it is consistent with quality analyses of
spectral atmosp...
Independent component analysis: recent advances
Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences - Tập 371 Số 1984 - Trang 20110534 - 2013
Independent component analysis is a probabilistic method for learning a linear
transform of a random vector. The goal is to find components that are maximally
independent and non-Gaussian (non-normal). Its fundamental difference to
classical multi-variate statistical methods is in the assumption of
non-Gaussianity, which enables the identification of original, underlying
components, in contrast to...
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