Oxford University Press (OUP)

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Ester Cross-Link Profiling of the Cutin Polymer of Wild-Type and Cutin Synthase Tomato Mutants Highlights Different Mechanisms of Polymerization
Oxford University Press (OUP) - Tập 170 Số 2 - Trang 807-820 - 2016
Glenn Philippe, Cédric Gaillard, J. Petit, Nathalie Geneix, Michèle Dalgalarrondo, Cécile Brès, Jean‐Philippe Mauxion, Rochus Franke, Christophe Rothan, Lukas Schreiber, Didier Marion, Bénédicte Bakan
Positional Cloning in Arabidopsis. Why It Feels Good to Have a Genome Initiative Working for You
Oxford University Press (OUP) - Tập 123 Số 3 - Trang 795-806 - 2000
Wolfgang Lukowitz, C. Stewart Gillmor, Wolf‐Rüdiger Scheible
Abstract Positional (or map-based) cloning techniques are widely used to identify the protein products of genes defined by mutation. In Arabidopsis the information generated by the Genome Initiative is giving this approach a decisive boost. A wealth of sequence polymorphisms and molecular markers is now available and can be exploited for fine mapping with technically simple and robust polymerase chain reaction-based methods. As a result it has become possible to complete positional cloning projects in a short time and with relatively little effort.
The Arabidopsis<i>DCR</i>Encoding a Soluble BAHD Acyltransferase Is Required for Cutin Polyester Formation and Seed Hydration Properties
Oxford University Press (OUP) - Tập 151 Số 4 - Trang 1773-1789 - 2009
David Panikashvili, Jianxin Shi, Lukas Schreiber, Asaph Aharoni
AbstractThe cuticle covering every plant aerial organ is largely made of cutin that consists of fatty acids, glycerol, and aromatic monomers. Despite the huge importance of the cuticle to plant development and fitness, our knowledge regarding the assembly of the cutin polymer and its integration in the complete cuticle structure is limited. Cutin composition implies the action of acyltransferase-type enzymes that mediate polymer construction through ester bond formation. Here, we show that a member of the BAHD family of acyltransferases (DEFECTIVE IN CUTICULAR RIDGES [DCR]) is required for incorporation of the most abundant monomer into the polymeric structure of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) flower cutin. DCR-deficient plants display phenotypes that are typically associated with a defective cuticle, including altered epidermal cell differentiation and postgenital organ fusion. Moreover, levels of the major cutin monomer in flowers, 9(10),16-dihydroxy-hexadecanoic acid, decreased to an almost undetectable amount in the mutants. Interestingly, dcr mutants exhibit changes in the decoration of petal conical cells and mucilage extrusion in the seed coat, both phenotypes formerly not associated with cutin polymer assembly. Excessive root branching displayed by dcr mutants and the DCR expression pattern in roots pointed to the function of DCR belowground, in shaping root architecture by influencing lateral root emergence and growth. In addition, the dcr mutants were more susceptible to salinity, osmotic, and water deprivation stress conditions. Finally, the analysis of DCR protein localization suggested that cutin polymerization, possibly the oligomerization step, is partially carried out in the cytoplasmic space. Therefore, this study extends our knowledge regarding the functionality of the cuticular layer and the formation of its major constituent the polymer cutin.
Connecting the Molecular Structure of Cutin to Ultrastructure and Physical Properties of the Cuticle in Petals of Arabidopsis
Oxford University Press (OUP) - Tập 173 Số 2 - Trang 1146-1163 - 2017
Sylwester Mazurek, Imène Garroum, Jean Daraspe, Damien De Bellis, Vilde Olsson, Antonio Mucciolo, Melinka A. Butenko, Bruno M. Humbel, Christiane Nawrath
Endomembrane Trafficking Protein SEC24A Regulates Cell Size Patterning in Arabidopsis
Oxford University Press (OUP) - Tập 166 Số 4 - Trang 1877-1890 - 2014
Xian Qu, Prerana Rao Chatty, Adrienne Roeder
The Formation and Function of Plant Cuticles
Oxford University Press (OUP) - Tập 163 Số 1 - Trang 5-20 - 2013
Trevor H. Yeats, Jocelyn K. C. Rose
Photocontrol of Fungal Spore Germination
Oxford University Press (OUP) - Tập 56 Số 6 - Trang 847-849 - 1975
John A. Lucas, Richard E. Kendrick, Curtis V. Givan
Quantification of the Brassinosteroid Insensitive1 Receptor in Planta
Oxford University Press (OUP) - Tập 156 Số 4 - Trang 1691-1700 - 2011
G. Wilma van Esse, Adrie H. Westphal, Ramya Preethi Surendran, Catherine Albrecht, Boudewijn van Veen, Jan Willem Borst, Sacco C. de Vries
AbstractIn plants, green fluorescent protein (GFP) is routinely used to determine the subcellular location of fusion proteins. Here, we show that confocal imaging can be employed to approximate the number of GFP-labeled protein molecules present in living Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root cells. The technique involves calibration with soluble GFP to provide a usable protein concentration range within the confocal volume of the microscope. As a proof of principle, we quantified the Brassinosteroid Insensitive1 (BRI1) receptor fused to GFP, under control of its own promoter. The number of BRI1-GFP molecules per root epidermal cell ranges from 22,000 in the meristem and 130,000 in the elongation zone to 80,000 in the maturation zone, indicating that up to 6-fold differences in BRI1 receptor content exist. In contrast, when taking into account differences in cell size, BRI1-GFP receptor density in the plasma membrane is kept constant at 12 receptors μm−2 in all cells throughout the meristem and elongation zone. Only the quiescent center and columella cells deviate from this pattern and have 5 to 6 receptors μm−2. Remarkably, root cell sensitivity toward brassinosteroids appears to coincide with uniform meristem receptor density.
Analysis of Arabidopsis with Highly Reduced Levels of Malate and Fumarate Sheds Light on the Role of These Organic Acids as Storage Carbon Molecules
Oxford University Press (OUP) - Tập 152 Số 3 - Trang 1251-1262 - 2010
Martina B. Zell, Holger Fahnenstich, Alexandra Maier, Mariana Saigo, Elena V. Voznesenskaya, Gerald E. Edwards, Carlos S. Andreo, Frank Schleifenbaum, Christiane Zell, Marı́a F. Drincovich, Verónica G. Maurino
Abstract While malate and fumarate participate in a multiplicity of pathways in plant metabolism, the function of these organic acids as carbon stores in C3 plants has not been deeply addressed. Here, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants overexpressing a maize (Zea mays) plastidic NADP-malic enzyme (MEm plants) were used to analyze the consequences of sustained low malate and fumarate levels on the physiology of this C3 plant. When grown in short days (sd), MEm plants developed a pale-green phenotype with decreased biomass and increased specific leaf area, with thin leaves having lower photosynthetic performance. These features were absent in plants growing in long days. The analysis of metabolite levels of rosettes from transgenic plants indicated similar disturbances in both sd and long days, with very low levels of malate and fumarate. Determinations of the respiratory quotient by the end of the night indicated a shift from carbohydrates to organic acids as the main substrates for respiration in the wild type, while MEm plants use more reduced compounds, like fatty acids and proteins, to fuel respiration. It is concluded that the alterations observed in sd MEm plants are a consequence of impairment in the supply of carbon skeletons during a long dark period. This carbon starvation phenotype observed at the end of the night demonstrates a physiological role of the C4 acids, which may be a constitutive function in plants.
Opportunities to Explore Plant Membrane Organization with Super-Resolution Microscopy
Oxford University Press (OUP) - Tập 154 Số 2 - Trang 463-466 - 2010
Ryan Gutierrez, Guido Großmann, Wolf B. Frommer, David W. Ehrhardt
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