Nutrition in Clinical Practice
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Unraveling Mechanisms of Action of Probiotics
Nutrition in Clinical Practice - Tập 24 Số 1 - Trang 10-14 - 2009
Probiotics are defined as living organisms that, when administered in sufficient
numbers, are of benefit to the host. Current evidence indicates that varying
probiotic strains mediate their effects by a variety of different effects that
are dependent on the dosage employed as well as the route and frequency of
delivery. Some probiotics act in the lumen of the gut by elaborating
antibacterial molec...
Influence of Dietary Fatty Acids on Cytokine Production and Its Clinical Implications
Nutrition in Clinical Practice - Tập 8 Số 2 - Trang 65-72 - 1993
Cytokines and eicosanoids are important biologic mediators with tightly
regulated production. Overproduction contributes to pathogenesis of chronic and
acute inflammatory, autoimmune, atherosclerotic, and neoplastic diseases. Animal
and human studies have shown that production of cytokines and eicosanoids can be
reduced by certain dietary fatty acids, specifically those containing long‐chain
(n‐3)...
D‐Lactic Acidosis
Nutrition in Clinical Practice - Tập 20 Số 6 - Trang 634-645 - 2005
d‐Lactic acidosis, also referred to as d‐lactate encephalopathy, is a rare
neurologic syndrome that occurs in individuals with short bowel syndrome or
following jejuno‐ileal bypass surgery. Symptoms typically present after the
ingestion of high‐carbohydrate feedings. Neurologic symptoms include altered
mental status, slurred speech, and ataxia, with patients often appearing drunk.
Onset of neurolo...
Self‐Completion of the Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form Is Feasible and Is Associated With Increased Awareness on Malnutrition Risk in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Nutrition in Clinical Practice - Tập 35 Số 2 - Trang 353-362 - 2020
AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to assess feasibility of self‐completion of the
Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form (PG‐SGA SF) by head
and neck cancer patients, and to assess self‐reported increased awareness
regarding malnutrition risk after self‐completion.MethodsParticipants were
randomized to complete the PG‐SGA SF by paper or app. Feasibility was assessed
by time needed to c...
Nutrition and Anabolic Pharmacotherapies in the Care of Burn Patients
Nutrition in Clinical Practice - Tập 29 Số 5 - Trang 621-630 - 2014
Thermal injury is a devastating injury that results in a number of pathological
alterations in almost every system in the body. Hypermetabolism, muscle wasting,
depressed immunity, and impaired wound healing are all clinical features of
burns. Failure to address each of these specific pathological alterations can
lead to increased mortality. Nutrition supplementation has been recommended as a
ther...
Effects of Targeted Versus Adjustable Protein Fortification of Breast Milk on Early Growth in Very Low‐Birth‐Weight Preterm Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Nutrition in Clinical Practice - Tập 35 Số 2 - Trang 335-343 - 2020
AbstractBackgroundBreast milk is preferred for the feeding of very
low‐birth‐weight (VLBW) infants, but it does not meet nutrition requirements
unless it is fortified. Adequate protein intake to maintain the growth of
preterm infants cannot be provided by standard fortification methods because of
variation in the protein content of human milk. Individualization is necessary
to achieve target prote...
Individualized Human Milk Fortification to Improve the Growth of Hospitalized Preterm Infants
Nutrition in Clinical Practice - Tập 35 Số 4 - Trang 680-688 - 2020
AbstractBackgroundHuman milk (HM) is the first choice for preterm infants, but
exclusive HM feeding is inadequate for the growth of very preterm infants. The
hypothesis of this trial is that infants fed according to an individualized
fortification regimen will have higher protein intake and improved weight gain
velocity (WGV).MethodsA prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted.
Infant...
Zinc and Liver Disease
Nutrition in Clinical Practice - Tập 27 Số 1 - Trang 8-20 - 2012
Zinc is an essential trace element required for normal cell growth, development,
and differentiation. It is involved in DNA synthesis, RNA transcription, and
cell division and activation. It is a critical component in many zinc
protein/enzymes, including critical zinc transcription factors. Zinc
deficiency/altered metabolism is observed in many types of liver disease,
including alcoholic liver dis...
Comparison of Ideal Body Weight Equations and Published Height‐Weight Tables With Body Mass Index Tables for Healthy Adults in the United States
Nutrition in Clinical Practice - Tập 21 Số 3 - Trang 312-319 - 2006
The purpose of this paper was to compare the ideal body weight (IBW) formulas
and published height‐weight tables for healthy adults in the United States with
the body mass index (BMI) of 22 kg/m2, which is associated with lowest
mortality. There are numerous formulas and published height‐weight tables
available to determine IBW, but there are no published studies comparing the
validity of formulas...
Implications of Sarcopenia in Major Surgery
Nutrition in Clinical Practice - Tập 30 Số 2 - Trang 175-179 - 2015
Background: Sarcopenia, defined as a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and
strength, is an important risk factor in clinical medicine associated with
frailty, mortality, and worse surgical and nonsurgical outcomes. Conventional
measures of sarcopenia rely on the subjective “eyeball test” and do not
adequately describe risk. Computed tomography (CT) imaging studies may be used
to objectively measure...
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