Neuroscientist

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Book Review: Neural Connections and Receptive Field Properties in the Primary Visual Cortex
Neuroscientist - Tập 8 Số 5 - Trang 443-456 - 2002
José‐Manuel Alonso
A cubic millimeter of primary visual cortex contains about 100,000 neurons that are heavily interconnected by intrinsic and extrinsic afferents. The effort of many neuroanatomists over the past has revealed the general outline of these connections; however, their function remains a mystery. Recently, combined physiological and anatomical approaches are beginning to reveal the role of thes...... hiện toàn bộ
Gait and Balance Dysfunction: A Model of the Interaction of Age and Disease
Neuroscientist - Tập 7 Số 2 - Trang 178-183 - 2001
Leslie Wolfson
This article reviews age-associated changes in gait, balance, and sensorimotor function and contrasts them to the changes that occur as a result of disease. Strength peaks in the mid-20s but declines only modestly until the fifth decade, after which there is rapid decline. All aspects of sensory function diminish with age, resulting in modest sensory changes in older patients. Gait speed ...... hiện toàn bộ
Amyloid Plaques of Alzheimer’s Disease as Hotspots of Glutamatergic Activity
Neuroscientist - Tập 25 Số 4 - Trang 288-297 - 2019
Saak V. Ovsepian, Valerie B. O’Leary, László Záborszky, Vasilis Ntziachristos, J. Oliver Dolly
Deposition of amyloid plaques in limbic and associative cortices is amongst the most recognized histopathologic hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease. Despite decades of research, there is a lack of consensus over the impact of plaques on neuronal function, with their role in cognitive decline and memory loss undecided. Evidence has emerged suggesting complex and localized axonal pathology arou...... hiện toàn bộ
Intracellular Ca2+Release and Synaptic Plasticity: A Tale of Many Stores
Neuroscientist - Tập 25 Số 3 - Trang 208-226 - 2019
Zahid Padamsey, William J. Foster, Nigel J. Emptage
Ca2+is an essential trigger for most forms of synaptic plasticity. Ca2+signaling occurs not only by Ca2+entry via plasma membrane channels but also via Ca2+signals generated by intracellular organelles. These organelles, by dynamically regulating the spatial and temporal extent of Ca2+e...... hiện toàn bộ
Sensory Experience and Cortical Rewiring
Neuroscientist - Tập 16 Số 2 - Trang 186-198 - 2010
Samuel J. Barnes, Gerald T. Finnerty
Adult primary sensory cortex is not hard wired, but adapts to sensory experience. The cellular basis for cortical plasticity involves a combination of functional and structural changes in cortical neurons and the connections between them. Functional changes such as synaptic strengthening have been the focus of many investigations. However, structural modifications to the connections betwe...... hiện toàn bộ
Sodium Channel β Subunits: Anything but Auxiliary
Neuroscientist - Tập 7 Số 1 - Trang 42-54 - 2001
Lori L. Isom
Voltage-gated sodium channels are glycoprotein complexes responsible for initiation and propagation of action potentials in excitable cells such as central and peripheral neurons, cardiac and skeletal muscle myocytes, and neuroendocrine cells. Mammalian sodium channels are heterotrimers, composed of a central, pore-forming α subunit and two auxiliary β subunits. The α subunits form a gene...... hiện toàn bộ
The Lateral Superior Olive: A Functional Role in Sound Source Localization
Neuroscientist - Tập 9 Số 2 - Trang 127-143 - 2003
Daniel J. Tollin
Sound location in azimuth is signaled by differences in the times of arrival (interaural time difference, ITDs) and the amplitudes (interaural level differences, ILDs) of the stimuli at the ears. Psychophysical studies have shown that low- and high-frequency sounds are localized based on ITDs and ILDs, respectively, suggesting that dual mechanisms mediate localization. The anatomical and ...... hiện toàn bộ
Neural Systems for Error Monitoring
Neuroscientist - Tập 13 Số 2 - Trang 160-172 - 2007
Stephan F. Taylor, Emily Stern, William J. Gehring
Complex behavior requires a flexible system that maintains task performance in the context of specific goals, evaluating behavioral progress, adjusting behavior as needed, and adapting to changing contingencies. Generically referred to as performance monitoring, a key component concerns the identification and correction of differences between an intended and an executed response (i.e., an...... hiện toàn bộ
The Amygdala and Persistent Pain
Neuroscientist - Tập 10 Số 3 - Trang 221-234 - 2004
Volker Neugebauer, Weidong Li, Gary C. Bird, Jeong Seok Han
A reciprocal relationship exists between persistent pain and negative affective states such as fear, anxiety, and depression. Accumulating evidence points to the amygdala as an important site of such interaction. Whereas a key role of the amygdala in the neuronal mechanisms of emotionality and affective disorders has been well established, the concept of the amygdala as an important contr...... hiện toàn bộ
Unveiling Molecular Events in the Brain by Noninvasive Imaging
Neuroscientist - Tập 17 Số 5 - Trang 539-559 - 2011
Jan Klohs, Markus Rudin
Neuroimaging allows researchers and clinicians to noninvasively assess structure and function of the brain. With the advances of imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance, nuclear, and optical imaging; the design of target-specific probes; and/or the introduction of reporter gene assays, these technologies are now capable of visualizing cellular and molecular processes in vivo. Undoub...... hiện toàn bộ
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