Neuroscientist

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Book Review: Neural Connections and Receptive Field Properties in the Primary Visual Cortex
Neuroscientist - Tập 8 Số 5 - Trang 443-456 - 2002
José‐Manuel Alonso
A cubic millimeter of primary visual cortex contains about 100,000 neurons that are heavily interconnected by intrinsic and extrinsic afferents. The effort of many neuroanatomists over the past has revealed the general outline of these connections; however, their function remains a mystery. Recently, combined physiological and anatomical approaches are beginning to reveal the role of these connect... hiện toàn bộ
Gait and Balance Dysfunction: A Model of the Interaction of Age and Disease
Neuroscientist - Tập 7 Số 2 - Trang 178-183 - 2001
Leslie Wolfson
This article reviews age-associated changes in gait, balance, and sensorimotor function and contrasts them to the changes that occur as a result of disease. Strength peaks in the mid-20s but declines only modestly until the fifth decade, after which there is rapid decline. All aspects of sensory function diminish with age, resulting in modest sensory changes in older patients. Gait speed is stable... hiện toàn bộ
Amyloid Plaques of Alzheimer’s Disease as Hotspots of Glutamatergic Activity
Neuroscientist - Tập 25 Số 4 - Trang 288-297 - 2019
Saak V. Ovsepian, Valerie B. O’Leary, László Záborszky, Vasilis Ntziachristos, J. Oliver Dolly
Deposition of amyloid plaques in limbic and associative cortices is amongst the most recognized histopathologic hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease. Despite decades of research, there is a lack of consensus over the impact of plaques on neuronal function, with their role in cognitive decline and memory loss undecided. Evidence has emerged suggesting complex and localized axonal pathology around amylo... hiện toàn bộ
Alzheimer’s Disease: From Amyloid to Autoimmune Hypothesis
Neuroscientist - Tập 26 Số 5-6 - Trang 455-470 - 2020
Yuri I. Arshavsky
Although Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was described over a century ago, there are no effective approaches to its prevention and treatment. Such a slow progress is explained, at least in part, by our incomplete understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of AD. Here, I champion a hypothesis whereby AD is initiated on a disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) caused by either genetic... hiện toàn bộ
Intracellular Ca2+Release and Synaptic Plasticity: A Tale of Many Stores
Neuroscientist - Tập 25 Số 3 - Trang 208-226 - 2019
Zahid Padamsey, William J. Foster, Nigel J. Emptage
Ca2+is an essential trigger for most forms of synaptic plasticity. Ca2+signaling occurs not only by Ca2+entry via plasma membrane channels but also via Ca2+signals generated by intracellular organelles. These organelles, by dynamically regulating the spatial and temporal extent of Ca2+elevations within neurons, play a pivotal role in determining the downstream consequences of neural signaling on s... hiện toàn bộ
Sensory Experience and Cortical Rewiring
Neuroscientist - Tập 16 Số 2 - Trang 186-198 - 2010
Samuel J. Barnes, Gerald T. Finnerty
Adult primary sensory cortex is not hard wired, but adapts to sensory experience. The cellular basis for cortical plasticity involves a combination of functional and structural changes in cortical neurons and the connections between them. Functional changes such as synaptic strengthening have been the focus of many investigations. However, structural modifications to the connections between neuron... hiện toàn bộ
Structural Brain Imaging: A Window into Chronic Pain
Neuroscientist - Tập 17 Số 2 - Trang 209-220 - 2011
Arne May
Structural imaging is turning our attention regarding the effects of chronic pain on the brain as a possible source of chronicity. Several independent studies have suggested a decrease in gray matter in pain-transmitting areas in patients with constant pain. Most of these data are discussed as representing damage or loss of brain gray matter, reinforcing the idea of chronic pain as a progressive d... hiện toàn bộ
Sodium Channel β Subunits: Anything but Auxiliary
Neuroscientist - Tập 7 Số 1 - Trang 42-54 - 2001
Lori L. Isom
Voltage-gated sodium channels are glycoprotein complexes responsible for initiation and propagation of action potentials in excitable cells such as central and peripheral neurons, cardiac and skeletal muscle myocytes, and neuroendocrine cells. Mammalian sodium channels are heterotrimers, composed of a central, pore-forming α subunit and two auxiliary β subunits. The α subunits form a gene family w... hiện toàn bộ
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Genetic Studies
Neuroscientist - Tập 21 Số 6 - Trang 599-615 - 2015
Ji He, Marie Mangelsdorf, Dongsheng Fan, Perry F. Bartlett, Matthew A. Brown
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease of obscure etiology. Multiple genetic studies have been conducted to advance our understanding of the disease, employing a variety of techniques such as linkage mapping in families, to genome-wide association studies and sequencing based approaches such as whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing and a few epigenetic anal... hiện toàn bộ
The Lateral Superior Olive: A Functional Role in Sound Source Localization
Neuroscientist - Tập 9 Số 2 - Trang 127-143 - 2003
Daniel J. Tollin
Sound location in azimuth is signaled by differences in the times of arrival (interaural time difference, ITDs) and the amplitudes (interaural level differences, ILDs) of the stimuli at the ears. Psychophysical studies have shown that low- and high-frequency sounds are localized based on ITDs and ILDs, respectively, suggesting that dual mechanisms mediate localization. The anatomical and physiolog... hiện toàn bộ
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