Ilia Elenkov, Domenic G. Iezzoni, Adrian Daly, Alan G. Harris, George P. Chrousos
Cytokines mediate and control immune and inflammatory responses. Complex
interactions exist between cytokines, inflammation and the adaptive responses in
maintaining homeostasis, health, and well-being. Like the stress
response, the inflammatory reaction is crucial for survival and is meant to be
tailored to the stimulus and time. A full-fledged systemic inflammatory reaction
results in sti... hiện toàn bộ
Glucocorticoids are essential steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal gland
in response to stress. Since their discovery in the 1940s, glucocorticoids have
been widely prescribed to treat inflammatory disorders and hematological
cancers. In the traditional view, glucocorticoids are regarded as
anti-inflammatory molecules; however, emerging evidence suggests that
glucocorticoid actions are more ... hiện toàn bộ
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are essential for the maintenance of homeostasis and
enable the organism to prepare for, respond to and manage stress, either
physical or emotional. Cortisol, the principal GC in humans, is synthesized in
the adrenal cortex. It is released in the circulation in a pulsatile and
circadian pattern. GC secretion is governed by hypothalamus and pituitary. The
hypothalamus senses c... hiện toàn bộ
Accumulating evidence during the last decade has shown that the CNS can mount a
well-defined inflammatory reaction to a variety of insults including trauma,
ischemia, transplantation, viral infections as well as neurodegeneration. Many
aspects of this centrally derived inflammatory response parallel to some extent
the nature of such a reaction in the periphery. Through the recent application
of mo... hiện toàn bộ
Objectives: The DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor ĸB (NFĸB) is
elevated in brain of aged mice, resulting in elevated levels of the inflammatory
cytokine interleukin (IL)-6. The purpose of this study was to determine if in
the brain of aged mice a decrease in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10
contributes to the increase in IL-6. Methods: In initial studies coronal
brain sectio... hiện toàn bộ
Rita Ostan, L. Bucci, Miriam Capri, Stefano Salvioli, Maria Scurti, Elena Pini, Daniela Monti, Claudio Franceschi
At present, individuals can live up to 80–120 years, a time much longer than
that of our ancestors, as a consequence of the improvements in life conditions
and medical care. Thus, the human immune system has to cope with a lifelong and
evolutionarily unpredicted exposure to a variety of antigens, which are at the
basis of profound age-related changes globally indicated as immunosenescence, a
multi... hiện toàn bộ