Marine Ecology
0173-9565
1439-0485
Anh Quốc
Cơ quản chủ quản: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd , WILEY
Lĩnh vực:
EcologyAquatic ScienceEcology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Phân tích ảnh hưởng
Thông tin về tạp chí
Marine Ecology publishes original contributions on the structure and dynamics of marine benthic and pelagic ecosystems, communities and populations, and on the critical links between ecology and the evolution of marine organisms. The journal prioritizes contributions elucidating fundamental aspects of species interaction and adaptation to the environment through integration of information from various organizational levels (molecules to ecosystems) and different disciplines (molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, physiology, marine biology, natural history, geography, oceanography, palaeontology and modelling) as viewed from an ecological perspective. The journal also focuses on population genetic processes, evolution of life histories, morphological traits and behaviour, historical ecology and biogeography, macro-ecology and seascape ecology, palaeo-ecological reconstruction, and ecological changes due to introduction of new biota, human pressure or environmental change. Most applied marine science, including fisheries biology, aquaculture, natural-products chemistry, toxicology, and local pollution studies lie outside the scope of the journal. Papers should address ecological questions that would be of interest to a worldwide readership of ecologists; papers of mostly local interest, including descriptions of flora and fauna, taxonomic descriptions, and range extensions will not be considered.
Các bài báo tiêu biểu
Taxonomic sufficiency in two case studies: where does it work better? Abstract In marine macrobenthos studies the identification of organisms at species level is the best entry to ecological and biological information about the animals. An accurate identification requires excellent conservation of the organisms, reliable fauna description, experts and lengthy work in the laboratory. The aim of this work is to test taxonomic sufficiency (TS) in two deliberately selected different case studies to understand whether and how the taxonomic complexity of a benthic assemblage influences the results of TS and where it works better. The first benthic settlement was collected in an area characterized by homogeneous depth and grain size composition (case study A) around an off‐shore gas platform, while the second one was collected along a coast‐wide transect in an area with human pressure limited to fishing activities (case study B). Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis was used to assess differences in the taxonomic structure of benthic assemblages and to test TS on the two different datasets. TS seems to work in both sites, from species to higher taxonomic levels, and the family taxonomic level appears the best compromise for taxonomic resolution when an accurate identification is not achievable. The application of TS does not indicate a significant difference between the two datasets and appears therefore to be a valid instrument to analyse and describe the structure of benthic settlements in the case of taxonomically complex communities.
Tập 30 Số s1 - Trang 13-19 - 2009
Les coraux (Scléractiniaires et Hydro‐coralliaires) de 'atoll de Takapoto, îles Tuamotu: Aspects écologiques Abstract. Recent publications on the coral community of the Tuamotu archipelago have dealt with the Mururoa and Taiaro atolls, with virtually no information available on Takapoto. Consequently the reefs of this atoll were studied using SCUBA to a depth of 70 m and in different biotopes such as patch reefs of the lagoon, and external or protected slopes. A description of the various coral communities is given; specific diversity, ecological valence, community composition, percent coverage, and constructive potential is discussed in relation to abiotic factors.Summary In June 1978 the coral associations of the atoll Takapoto, Tuamotu Archipelago, were studied down to 70m by SCUBA (D.Kühlmann ) and the corals later determined by J.‐P. Chevalier (†) in Paris. Fifty‐eight Scleractinia and five hydrocorals were observed in the reefs. The highest diversity of species exists in clear, moderate moving waters on a moderately inclined substratum. An ecological valence was established as euryoecious for Montipora verrucosa, Porites lobata, Favia speciosa and Mille‐pora platyphylla. Deep water species are Leptoseris porosa and Fungia cf. granulosa. The coral associations show characteristic differences at the windward and leeward outer slopes as well as at the patch reefs of the lagoon; these differences are regulated by distinctive hydrodynamics, sedimentation processes, and substrate types as the most effective environmental factors in smaller habitats. The highest degree of coverage of hard corals is found at the windward slope between 10 and 20 m with 90%, the lowest with less than 10% at the slopes of the patch reefs in the lagoon because of the strong sedimentation. The most important reef constructors in the different habitats are listed. Remerciements J'exprime ma gratitude à B. Salvat , qui m'a fourni la possibilityé de travailler à 'Antenne de Moorea du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, et sur 'atoll de Takapoto. Mes remerciements s'adressent également au Ministére des Universités de la République Démocratique Allemande pour la prise en charge du voyage Berlin‐Tahiti‐Berlin. A.Hauti , Chef du Sérvice de la Pêche, Station de Recherche Nacre et Perliculture de Takapoto, a mis á ma disposition tous les moyens nécessaires á la plongée sur les récifs, embarcations comprises. 'aide de Cigi, Puhipuhi, Bernard, Ismail et Pari fut toujours éfficace. Je n'oublierai pas 'amitie profonde de mes compagnons, G. Richard et G. Vergonzanne . Aprés le décès de J.‐P. Chevalier en 1981, M. Pichon , B. Thomassin et H. et J. ZIBROWIUS ont aimablement traduit mon manuscrit en français.
Tập 7 Số 1 - Trang 75-104 - 1986
Hawaiian hotspots: enhanced megafaunal abundance and diversity in submarine canyons on the oceanic islands of Hawaii Abstract Submarine canyons are important sources of habitat heterogeneity on the slopes of continents and islands, but the study of canyon ecology has been largely restricted to continental margins. Here we use visual and video surveys from 36 submersible dives to evaluate the role of canyons as abundance and diversity hotspots for megafauna in the Hawaiian Archipelago, an island chain embedded in an oligotrophic ocean. We surveyed megafauna in canyon and slope settings at depths of 350–1500 m along the margins of four islands: the low ‘islands’ of Nihoa and Maro Reef, and the high islands of Oahu and Moloka’i. Megafaunal communities in canyons differed significantly from those in nearby slope habitats at all depths. Highly mobile fishes and invertebrates were consistently more abundant in canyons than on nearby slopes at the same depth off all islands, suggesting that canyons may be important sources of larvae for surrounding habitats. In the few cases where megafaunal abundances were similar or higher on the slope, the differences were typically driven by higher slope abundance of sessile suspension feeders or animals with limited mobility, i.e. by organisms which are likely to have difficulty with high currents and sediment transport in canyons. Megafaunal species richness and diversity generally trended higher within canyons, especially for the highly mobile taxa. Canyons contained 41 megafaunal species never observed on the slope, and increased estimated regional species richness by 25–30 species, indicating that canyons enhanced beta and gamma (regional) biodiversity. An expected trend of greater enhancement of diversity and abundance in canyons on the margins of high versus low oceanic islands was not observed, although megafauna were generally more abundant in both canyon and slope habitats on the high islands (Oahu and Moloka’i). We conclude that submarine canyons on both low and high islands in the Hawaiian Archipelago may provide keystone structures, enhancing megafaunal abundance, providing source populations for the open slope, and enhancing local and regional species diversity.
Tập 31 Số 1 - Trang 183-199 - 2010
Trawling or Visual Censuses? Methodological Bias in the Assessment of Fish Populations in Seagrass Beds Abstract. Fishes associated with the seagrass Posidonia oceanica were censused both by skid trawl and visual counts around Ischia Island, Italy. Both sampling procedures were performed during the day in summer and in winter at two sites. Significant differences in the number of species, number of individuals, biomass, and trophic structure of the fish assemblage were observed between sampling methods. Fewer fish species were recorded by visual counts than by trawling. More individuals and a greater biomass, however, were recorded from visual counts. The population of macrocarnivores (Scorpaenidae, Serranidae) were better estimated by trawling, as were canopy‐dwellers (Syngnathidae; Symphodus rostratus) and benthic species (Gobiidae; Blenniidae; Bothidae). Conversely, good swimmers (Sparidae; Coris julis, Symphodus spp.), and planktivorous fishes (Centracanthidae, Pomacentridae) mostly escaped the trawl and were better assessed by visual counts. The importance of methodological biases differed from one season to the other and was higher in summer than in winter. Particular attention should be paid to the biases induced by sampling techniques when interpreting data, and different sampling methods should be used to accurately study the fish assemblages of seagrass meadows.
Tập 13 Số 1 - Trang 41-51 - 1992
Fish Assemblages of Posidonia oceanica Beds at Port‐Cros (France, NW Mediterranean): Assessment of Composition and Long‐Term Fluctuations by Visual Census Abstract. Observations of the fish fauna of Posidonia oceanica (L.) DELILE seagrass beds were undertaken in two shallow stations and one deeper station in Port‐Cros National Park, between November 1984 and September 1987. Demographic structure, density and biomass of the 19 most abundant species or taxa were assessed by several non‐destructive sampling methods. The fish assemblages studied were dominated in number and biomass by a small number of species (Labridae: Symphodus ocellatus and S. tinca ; Sparidae: Diplodus annularis and Sarpa salpa ). Large individuals were infrequent and small size class fish were dominant especially in sheltered shallow areas. Recruitment and migrations (shortor long‐term) have been identified as the most important causes of abundance variations over the year. The four trophic categories were sampled only in the sheltered shallow zone, where the herbivore Sarpa salpa represents a strong proportion of the fish fauna (40–70%) during summer. The fish assemblages differ between the three seagrass beds, and the depth appears as the most important factor affecting the fish assemblages in P. oceanica . The functional difference between shallow and deeper seagrass beds is therefore discussed.
Tập 18 Số 2 - Trang 157-173 - 1997
Depth Distribution of Thalassia testudinum in two Meadows on the West Coast of Florida; a Difference in Effect of Light Availability Abstract. Shoot density was lower, while leaf area index and above‐ to below‐ground biomass ratios were higher for Thalassia testudinum collected from the deep edge when compared to the shallow edge of a meadow off Anclotc Key, Florida. These three characters followed patterns predicted from previous studies. The characters were reversed in order for plants from shallow and deep edges of a meadow off Egmont Key, about 50 km south of Anclote Key. Causes other than light were not evident to explain this reversal in the Egmont Key meadow. This study suggests that although light limitation may be the usual limiting factor for depth distribution in seagrass meadows, other factors cannot be ignored in many meadows along the west coast of Florida.
Tập 9 Số 2 - Trang 123-130 - 1988
Diet Adaptations of Lessepsian Migrant Rabbitfishes, <i>Siganus luridus</i> and S. <i>rivulatus</i>, to the Algal Resources of the Mediterranean Coast of Israel Abstract. The composition of the algal diet of Siganus luridus was compared with that of the algal vegetation found in fish habitats along the Mediterranean coast of Israel. North‐south differences in the diet were found and reflected differences in the available algal resources as well as in algal species selected.In the northern area, the diet and the algal selection differed considerably between S. luridus and a congeneric Lessepsian migrant siganid. S. rivulatus , whereas in the southern area the two species showed similarity in feeding. A comparison is made between the Mediterranean populations and those of the tropical Red Sea Gulf of Elat (Aqaba). The diet partitioning in the Northern Mediterranean resembles that found in the Gulf of Elat. where the realized diet may be related to strong competition between herbivores in combination with availability of numerous edible algal species. There. the two siganids showed different preferences. In the Northern Mediterranean, competition is probably lower. since there are fewer herbivorous fish species. while numerous good algal habitats (rocky areas) enable selection. By contrast, rocky algal habitats are scarce in the southern area; this implies that the total amount of algae available to choose from is smaller there. The similar diets and preferences in the southern part of the Mediterranean indicate scarcity of preferred food species. as the fishes fed mainly on small filamentous species of the algal turf on the bottoms. Summary The algae and seagrasses in gut contents of two Lessepsian migrants were analysed: Siganus rivulatus and S. luridus from both Red Sea and eastern Mediterranean locations. The quantitative and qualitative composition of the diet was compared to that of the algal and seagrass vegetation in four regions: the southern and northern basins of the Gulf of Elat and the southern and northern area in the Mediterranean along Israel's coast. In the original environment of the fish in the southern basin of the Gulf of Elat, a variety of large brown algae as well as fleshy and soft red algae, green and blue‐green algae and seagrasses inhabited the coral reefs and adjoining areas, all of which were accessible to the fish. There, S. luridus mainly fed on and selected large brown algae, while S. rivulatus mainly fed on and selected fleshy and soft red algae. In the Mediterranean, horizontal platforms at about sea level are covered with algae. The small tidal range makes these sites mostly inaccessible to grazing fish. In the submerged habitats where the fish fed, calcareous red algae dominated. In the southern area both siganids fed on and selected small filamentous algae as found in the algal turf. In the northern area S. luridus fed on and selected large brown algae, S. rivulatus on Ulva and fleshy red algae. The algal partitioning in the Red Sea disappeared in the southern area of the Mediterranean as an adaption to the environment. It developed in the northern area probably due to the prevalent rocky areas with their algal habitats.
Tập 16 Số 1 - Trang 73-89 - 1995
Density‐Dependent Effects in <i>Jehlius cirratus</i> (Darwin, 1854) (Cirripedia: Chthamalidae) under Different Growth Conditions Abstract. We analyse the effects of crowding (‘hummocking’) on the growth, reproduction and mortality of the chthamaloid barnacle Jehlius cirratus (Darwin, 1854 ) on the coast of Chile. Recruitment intensity, ranging from solitary individuals to dense groups, generates different growth conditions. Density‐dependent effects are reflected in the shape, growth parameters, fecundity, sexual maturity and mortality of solitary and crowded specimens. The skewing of size distribution during growth was not significant at the beginning of the growth period, irrespective of initial density. Nevertheless, skewness in size increased with time, both at high and low densities, indicating that the dominance and suppression exerted by larger specimens over smaller ones generate a density‐dependent effect on size during growth. Mortality was greatest when high‐density recruitment occurred immediately before the period when water temperature and food quantity are highest (spring), when it is assumed that growth is greatest; this seasonal effect was not detected at lower levels of recruitment density. Similarly, no differences in mortality were detected between recruitment densities during the period when temperatures are lowest (autumn) and growth is probably slower. In the middle‐high intertidal zone, where J. cirratus co‐exists with Notochthamalus scabrosus (Darwin, 1854 ), the proportion of dead J. cirratus specimens was directly related both to the relative abundance of N. scabrosus and the total barnacle density. Although the mortality of J. cirratus was density dependent, the increase in the number of N. scabrosus towards the lower section of the middle intertidal zone could have a greater effect on J. cirratus mortality than intra‐specific competition.
Tập 24 Số 4 - Trang 289-302 - 2003
The Black Band Disease of Atlantic Reef Corals. Abstract. Some reef building corals in the western Atlantic are susceptible to an infection known as black band disease that is caused by the cyanophyte (cyanobacterium) Phormidium corallyticum Rützler & Santavy . Field observations on the barrier reef of Belize and on reefs of the Bermuda platform indicate the disease is fairly common in susceptible species. Coral tissue destruction monitored in situ in Belize reveals rapid spreading rates and seasonality of the disease. Laboratory experiments confirm that P. corallyticum is the etiologic agent and we speculate that a toxic exudate is the cause of histolysis observed in coral penetrated by the organism. Coral tissue is further broken down by a rapidly developing disease microcommunity, including bacteria and ciliate protozoans, identified with the aid of light, SEM, and TEM photomicrography. Study of P. coraltyticum in culture away from its host coral reveals several ecological requirements, including dependence for optimal growth on yet unidentified organic substances contained in coral tissue. Healthy corals inoculated with various control organisms ‐ including the gliding bacterium Beggiatoa , a filamentous chlorophyte, and six cyanophytes other than P. corallyticum ‐ did not develop the disease. Gorgonacean corals, too, can be artificially infected with P. corallyticum , but naturally occurring gorgonian bands are composed only of noninfectious cyanophyceans.
Tập 4 Số 4 - Trang 329-358 - 1983