The Association of Ophiothrix lineata and Callyspongia vaginalis: A Brittlestar‐Sponge Cleaning Symbiosis?

Marine Ecology - Tập 5 Số 1 - Trang 9-27 - 1984
Gordon Hendler1
1Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20560, U.S.A.

Tóm tắt

Abstract. The relationship between a sponge, Callyspongia vaginalis, and an associated brittlestar, Ophiothrix lineata, was examined for mutualistic symbiotic interaction. Cinematography, feeding experiments, and analyses of stomach contents reveal that O. lineata (unlike other Ophiothrix species) is a non‐selective deposit feeder. Its diet consists of detrital particles adhering to the sponge, which are too large to be utilized by the sponge as food. Thus, the brittlestar cleans the inhalent surface of the sponge as it feeds. Since siltation interferes with sponge pumping‐activity, it is suggested that the cleaning behavior of O. lineata may enhance the filtration capability of C. vaginalis. In situ elapsed‐time films show that brittlestars expose their arms when they feed, suggesting that they feed only at night because of a need to avoid diurnal predators. Manipulative experiments show that residence in C. vaginalis protects O. lineata from predatory fish. A comparison of the incidence of arm regeneration for brittlestars residing on C. vaginalis, and on a toxic sponge, Neofibularia nolitangere, indicates that factors other than sponge toxicity are involved in protecting sponge‐dwelling brittlestars.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Bacescu M., 1971, Les spongiaires; un des plus interessants biotopes benthiques marins, Rapp. Coram. Int. Mer Medit., 20, 239

10.1016/0025-3227(68)90008-X

Thun M. A., 1979, Biologie des Spongiaires, 417

Beebe W., 1928, The fishes of Port‐au‐Prince Bay, Haiti with a summary of the known species of marine fish of the island of Haiti and Santo Domingo, Zoologica, 10, 1

10.3354/meps009223

Clark H.L., 1933, A handbook of the littoral echinoderms of Porto Rico and the other West Indian islands. Scient. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Is, N. Y. Acad. Sci., 16, 1

Clark K. B., 1971, The construction of a collecting device for small aquatic organisms and a method for rapid weighing of small invertebrates, Veliger, 13, 364

Deschuyteneer M., 1978, Comportement alimentaire et structures digestives d'Ophioderma longicauda (RETZIUS) (Echinodermata, Ophiuroideaj, Ann. Inst. Oceanogr., Paris, 54, 127

Devaney D. M., 1974, Shallow‐water echinoderms from British Honduras, with a description of a new species of Ophiocoma (Ophiuroidea), Bull. Mar. Sci., 24, 122

Edgerton H.E., 1968, Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on High‐speed Photography, Stockholm, 488

Feddern H. A., 1965, The spawning, growth, and general behavior of the bluehead wrasse, Thalassoma bifasciatum (Pisces: Labridae), Bull. Mar. Sci., 15, 896

Fedra K., 1977, Biology of benthic organisms. 11th European marine biology symposium, Galway, October 1976, 233

10.1007/BF00396824

10.1007/BF00390766

Gerrodette T., 1979, Sediment‐induced reduction in the pumping rate of the tropical sponge Verongia lacunosa. Mar, Biol., 55, 103

Halstead B. W., 1965, Poisonous and Venomous Marine Animals of the World. Vol. f. Invertebrates

Hendler G., 1982, Slow flicks show star tricks: Elapsed‐time analysis of basketstar (Astrophyton muricatum) feeding behavior, Bull. Mar. Sci., 32, 909

Hendler G., 1982, Echinoderms. Proceedings of the International Echinoderms Conference, 21

Hyman L., 1955, The Invertebrates. Vol.4. Echinodermata

Johnston I. S., 1982, Cellular organization in the marine demosponge Callyspongia diffusa. Mar, Biol., 67, 1

Kjssling D.L., 1977, Habitat factors for reef‐dwelling ophiuroids in the Florida Keys, Proc. Third Int. Coral Reef Symp., 1, 225

Lewis S. M., 1982, Sponge‐zoanthid associations: Functional interactions, Smithson. Contrib. Mar. Sci., 12, 465

MacGinitie G. E., 1949, Natural History of Marine Animals

Murphy G., 1980, The omnipresent brittle star, Skin Diver, 29, 54

10.1007/BF00386805

10.2307/1931369

10.1111/j.1469-7998.1969.tb03898.x

Randall J.E., 1967, Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies, Stud. Trop. Oceanogr., 5, 665

10.1007/BF00347115

10.2307/1540270

10.1007/BF00348816

10.1016/0022-0981(74)90005-7

Rützler K., 1975, Ecology of Tunisian commercial sponges, Tethys, 7, 249

MacIntyre I.G., 1982, The habitat distribution and community structure of the Barrier Reef complex at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, Smithson. Contrib. Mar. Sci., 12, 9

Sefton N., 1982, The stars at night, Sea Frontiers, 28, 87

Shirley T. C. 1982:The importance of echinoderms in the diet of fishes of a sublittoral rock reef. In:B.R.Chapmann&J.W.Tunnell(Eds.) South Texas Fauna. Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute:49–55.

10.1016/0022-0981(79)90010-8

10.1111/j.1439-0485.1980.tb00223.x

Vasserot J., 1965, Un predateur d'echinodermes s'attaquant particulierement aux ophiures: La langouste Palinurus vulgaris, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., 90, 365

Warner G., 1982, Echinoderm Nutrition, 161

10.1017/S0025315400015848

10.1007/BF00388176

Wurzian R.S., 1977, Biology of Benthic Organisms. Proc. 11th Europ. Mar. Biol. Symp., Galway, October 1976, 613

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Marine Ecology

Tập 5 Số 1

9-27

Thông tin tác giả