Law and Human Behavior
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A Re-examination of the Effects of Biased Lineup Instructions in Eyewitness Identification
Law and Human Behavior - Tập 29 - Trang 395-424 - 2005
A meta-analytic review of research comparing biased and unbiased instructions in eyewitness identification experiments showed an asymmetry, specifically that biased instructions led to a large and consistent decrease in accuracy in target-absent lineups, but produced inconsistent results for target-present lineups, with an average effect size near zero (N. M. Steblay, 1997). The results for target......
Medical licensure
Law and Human Behavior - Tập 7 - Trang 147-156 - 1983
Society has granted considerable regulatory powers to physician-dominated licensing boards. While achieving the social benefit of protecting the consumer by maintaining minimum standards for entry into the profession, the licensure mechanism has also resulted in substantial social costs. Excessive restriction on entry into the profession has occurred; difficulty in developing innovations in the di......
Free press and fair trial: The role of behavioral research
Law and Human Behavior - Tập 10 - Trang 187-201 - 1986
The growth of mass media has complicated the relatioship between the courts and the media. Free press and fair trial rights are kept in balance by the use of judicial restraints and remedies such asvoir dire, change of venue, and gag orders. This balance has shifted back and forth during the past two decades. Current case law and legal codes are inconsistent and provide insufficient guidance to ju......
Intoxicated Eyewitnesses: Better than Their Reputation?
Law and Human Behavior - - 2011
According to law enforcement, many witnesses are intoxicated either at the time of the crime, the interview, or both (Evans et al., Public Policy Law 15(3):194–221, 2009). However, no study to date has examined whether intoxicated witnesses’ recall is different from sober witnesses’ and whether they are more vulnerable to misinformation using an ecologically valid experimental design. Intoxicated,......
Why People Waive Their Miranda Rights: The Power of Innocence
Law and Human Behavior - Tập 28 - Trang 211-221 - 2004
In a laboratory experiment, 72 participants who were guilty or innocent of a mock theft were apprehended for investigation. Motivated to avoid prosecution and trial, they were confronted by a neutral, sympathetic, or hostile male “detective” who sought a waiver of their Miranda rights. Later, 72 other participants watched videotapes of these sessions and answered questions about the detective and ......
Credibility of the Emotional Witness: A Study of Ratings by Court Judges
Law and Human Behavior - Tập 30 - Trang 221-230 - 2006
Previous studies have shown that the emotional behavior displayed during testimony may affect the perceived credibility of the witness. The present study compares credibility ratings by Norwegian court judges with those made by lay people. The participants viewed one of three video-recorded versions of a rape victim's statement, role played by a professional actress. The statement was given in a f......
Empirical assessment of lineups
Law and Human Behavior - Tập 12 - Trang 323-331 - 1988
Empirical assessment has been proposed as a process for evaluating the fairness of lineups in forensic settings. The mock witness paradigm, which asks a nonwitnesses to choose lineup members best fitting a given description, was used in a 2×2 ANOVA design (N=165) to evaluate two photospreads (same defendant, different foils) from an actual rape case. Two groups (context 1) were asked to pick the b......
Race and jurors' receptivity to mitigation in capital cases: The effect of jurors', defendants', and victims' race in combination.
Law and Human Behavior -
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