Khoa học ĐHQGHN: Khoa học Tự nhiên và Công nghệ

The giant mudskipper Periophthalmodon schlosseri (Pallas, 1770) is a commercial fish and distributes in estuaries and coastline in Mekong Delta, but until now there is only a study on the growth pattern and condition factor variation of this species in Vietnam. This study was conducted in the coastline at Tran De, Soc Trang from January 2018 to December 2018 with 486 individuals were analysed to provide data on gastrointestinal morphology, food and feeding habits of this species. This species is a carnivorous fish due to RLG = 0.697 ± 0.008 SE and feeds mainly on carbs (Uca sp., 76.06%). Besides crabs, small fish (17.63%), shrimps (3.85%), detritus (1.85%) and mollusca (0.61%) are also found in fish stomach. Moreover, we found that 4 individuals that eat ants. The food composition of P. schlosseri does not vary with genders but by season. There is not different in the fullness index (FI) between genders. The FI of the immature fish is higher than that of the mature one and in the rainy season is higher than that in the dry season. The Clark index of giant mudskipper does not be significantly different between genders and seasons. The results offer scientific data on the nutritional characteristics of this species, which is the basis for research on aquaculture and sustainable exploitation of this goby. Keywords Clark index, food composition, fullness index, Periophthalmodon schlosseri, RLG. References [1]    E.O. Murdy, A taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of the oxudercine gobies (Gobiidae, Oxudercinae), Records of the Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia, 1989, Supplement 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0812-7387.11.1989.93 [2] D. A. Clayton, Mudskippers, Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, 31 (1993) 507-577. [3] R. Froese & D. Pauly, FishBase, World Wide Web electronic publication, https://www.fishbase.in/ summary/Periophthalmodon-schlosseri.html, 2019 (Truy cập: 13/03/2019). [4]     T.X. Tám, P.V. Ngọt, N.T. Hà, Góp phần nghiên cứu về đa dạng thành phần loài cá ở hệ sinh thái rừng ngập mặn Cần Giờ, Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, Tạp chí khoa học Đại học Sư phạm Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, 40 (2012) 91-104. [5]   T.Đ. Định, S. Koichi, N.T. Phương, H.P. Hùng, T.X. Lợi, M.V. Hiếu, U. Kenzo, Mô tả định loại cá Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long, Việt Nam, Nxb Đại học Cần Thơ, Cần Thơ, 2013. [6]    A. Ishimatsu, Y. Hishida, T. Takita, T. Kanda, S. Oikawa, T. Takeda, K. K. Huat, Mudskippers store air in their burrows, Nature, 391 (1998) 237-238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/34560. [7] A. Ishimatsu, N.M. Aguilar, K. Ogawa, Y. Hishida, T. Takeda, S. Oikawa, T. Kanda, K.K. Huat, Arterial blood gas levels and cardiovascular function during varying environmental conditions in a mudskipper, Periophthalmodon schlosseri, Journal of Experimental Biology, 202 (1999) 1753-1762. [8]     Ishimatsu, A., Takeda, T., Tsuhako, Y., Gonzales, T. T., K. H. Khoo, Direct evidence for aerial egg deposition in the burrows of the Malaysian mudskipper, Periophthalmodon schlosseri, Ichthyological Research, 56 (2009) 417-420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-009-0113-2 [9]  J. Zhang, T. Taniguchi, T. Takita, B.A. Ali, A study on the epidermal structure of Periophthalmodon and Periophthalmus mudskippers with reference to their terrestrial adaptation, Ichthyological Research, 50 (2003) 310-317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-003-00173-7. [10]  Y. K. Ip, S. F. Chew, S. F., A. L. L. Lim, W. P. Low, The mudskipper, In “Essays in Zoology, Papers Commemorating the 40th Anniversary of Department of Zoology” National University of Singapore Press, Singapore, 83-95, 1990. [11]  M. A. Ghaffar, F. Yakob, S. M. Nor, A. Arshad, Foraging behavior and food selection of giant mudskipper (Periophthalmodon schlosseri) at Kuala Gula, Matang Mangrove Reserve, Perak, Malaysia, Coastal Marine Science, 30 (2006) 263-267. https://doi.org/10.15083/00040787 [12]  S. Z. Zulkifli, F. Mohamat-Yusuff, A. Ismail, N. Miyazaki, Food preference of the giant mudskipper Periophthalmodon schlosseri (Teleostei: Gobiidae), Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems,  (2012) 07p00-07p10. https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2012013. [13]  V. T. Toàn, T. Đ. Định, Nghiên cứu đặc điểm dinh dưỡng cá bống dừa (Oxyeleotris urophthalmus) phân bố dọc theo sông Hậu, Tạp chí Khoa học Đại học Cần Thơ, Thủy sản (2014) 192-197. [14] D. M. Quang, Preliminary study on dietary composition, feeding activity and fullness index of Boleophthalmus boddarti in Mekong Delta, Vietnam, Tap chi Sinh hoc, 37 (2015) 252-257. https://doi.org/10.15625/0866-7160/v37n2.6599. [15] D. M. Quang, J. G. Qin, S. Dittmann, T. D. Dinh, Seasonal variation of food and feeding in burrowing goby Parapocryptes serperaster (Gobiidae) at different body sizes, Ichthyological Research, 64 (2017) 179-189. https://doi.org/10. 1007/s10228-016-0553-4. [16]  Đ. M. Quang, N. T. Duy, D. Sóc, Tính ăn và phổ thức ăn của cá bống trứng Eleotris melanosoma ở ven biển tỉnh Sóc Trăng, Hội nghị Khoa học toàn quốc về Sinh thái và Tài nguyên Sinh vật lần thứ 7, NXB Khoa học Tự nhiên và Công nghệ, 1873-1879, 2017. [17] D. M. Quang, T. T. Lam, N. T. K. Tien, The relative gut length and gastro-somatic indices of the mudskipper Periophthalmodon septemradiatus (Hamilton, 1822) from the Hau River, VNU Journal of Science: Natural Sciences and Technology, 34 (2018) 75-83. https:// doi.org/10.25073/2588-1140/vnunst.4775. [18] D. M. Quang, Growth and body condition variation of the giant mudskipper Periophthalmodon schlosseri in dry and wet seasons, Tap chi Sinh hoc, 38 (2016) 352-358. https://doi.org/10.15625/0866-7160/v38n3.7425. [19] G. V. Nikolsky, Ecology of fishes, Academic Press, London, United Kingdom, 1963. [20]   N. V. hanh, N. N. Châu, N. Đ. Tứ, N. T. Hiền, A. Vanreusel, N. Smol, Động vật đáy hệ sinh thái rừng ngập mặn Cần Giờ, Nxb Khoa học Tự nhiên và Công nghệ, Hà Nội, 2013. [21] S. P. Biswas, Manual of Methods in Fish Biology, South Asian Publishers, New Delhi, 1993. [22] A. A. Shorygin, Feeding and trophic relations of fishes of the Caspian Sea, Pishchepromizdat, Moscow, 1952. [23] F.N. Clark, The weight-length relationship of the California Sardine (Sardina cærulea) at San Pedro, Division of fish and game of California, California, 1928. [24]  Đ.M. Quang, T.T. D. My, Hình thái ống tiêu hóa, tính ăn và phổ thức ăn của cá bống mít Stigmatogobius pleurostigma (Bleeker, 1849) phân bố ven biển Sóc Trăng, Tạp chí Khoa học ĐHQGHN:  Khoa học Tự nhiên và Công nghệ, 34 (2018) 46-55. https://doi.org/10.25073/2588-1140/vnunst.4740. [25]  N.M. Tuấn, T.Đ. Định, Nghiên cứu tính ăn và phổ thức ăn cá bống cát Glossogobius aureus Akihito & Meguro, 1975, Tạp chí khoa học Trường Đại học Trà Vinh, 29 (2018) 63-70.      

Abstract

This study provides an understanding of the feeding habit and intensity of the mudskipper Periophthalmodon septemradiatus, which was a potential aquarium pet, by analyzing its relative gut length (RGL) and gastro-somatic (GaSI) indexes. Fish specimens were caught with fishing rods in an area from the Hau River’s estuary in Soc Trang province to its upstream in An Giang province during a period of one year from August 2017 to July 2018. The analysis of 1,504 fish samples shows that RGL did not change by fish size, resulting in no change in the feeding habit of P. septemradiatus in relation to its size. By contrast, the feeding habit of this mudskipper varied by site, month and season of sample collection; accordingly, the RGL was also significantly different by site, month and season of sample collection; both the male and female fish fell into the carnivorous as the RGL was <1. Similarly, the feeding intensity of this species did not change by fish size, as the GaSI was not significantly different among the four fish size groups. Meanwhile, the mudskipper displayed spatial, temporal and seasonal variations in the feeding intensity since the GaSI significantly changed by site, month and season. The changes in the feeding habit and intensity of P. Septemradiatus were not regulated by the interaction between fish size and site, fish size and season, and site and season. These results provide new knowledge on the feeding habit and intensity of this fish species, which also helps understand the fish’s adaption and conservation in the study area. Keywords Astro-somatic index, mudskipper, Periophthalmodon septemradiatus, relative gut length References [1] Murdy, E. O. & Jaafar, Z., Taxonomy and systematics review, In: Z. Jaafar, E. O. Murdy (eds) Fishes out of water: biology and ecology of mudskippers, CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 1-36, 2017 [2] Murdy, E. O., A taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of the oxudercine gobies (Gobiidae, Oxudercinae), Australian Museum Journal, 11 (1989) 93.[3] Murdy, E., Systematics of Oxudercinae, In: R. A. Patzner, J. L. V. Tassell, M. Kovacic, B. G. Kapoor (eds) The biology of gobies, Science Publishers, New Hampshire, United States, pp. 99-106, 2011 [4] Bhatt, N. Y., Patel, S. J., Patel, D. A. & Patel, H. P., Burrowing activities of goby fish in the recent intertidal mud flats along the Navinal coast, Kachchh, Western India, Journal of the Geological Society of India, 74 (2009) 515-530.[5] Al-Hussaini, A. H., On the functional morphology of the alimentary tract of some fish in relation to differences in their feeding habits: anatomy and histology, Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 3 (1949) 109-139.[6] Desai, V. R., Studies on fishery and biology of Tor tor (Hamilton) from river Narmada. I. Food and feeding habits, Journal of the Inland Fisheries Society of India, 2 (1970) 101-112.[7] Le, T., Nguyen, M. T., Nguyen, V. P., Nguyen, D. C., Pham, X. H., Nguyen, T. S., Hoang, V. C., Hoang, P. L., Le, H. & Dao, N. C., Provinces and City in the Mekong Delta, Education Publishing House, Ha Noi, 2006.[8] Khaironizam, M. Z. & Norma-Rashid, Y., First record of the mudskipper, Periophthalmodon septemradiatus (Hamilton) (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Peninsular Malaysia, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 51 (2003) 97-100.[9] Wand, M. P., Data-based choice of histogram bin width, The American Statistician, 51 (1997) 59-64.[10] Vo, T. T. & Tran, D. D., Study on nutritional characteristics of Oxyeleotris urophthalmus fish distributed along the Hau River, Can Tho University Journal of Science, Fishery (2014) 192-197.[11] Dinh, Q. M., Nguyen, D. T. & Danh, S., Food and feeding habits of the broadheah sleeper Eleotris melanosoma from coastline in Soc Trang, Proceedings of the 7th National Scientific Conference on Ecology and Biological Resources, Publishing house for Science and Technology, 1873-1879, 2017.[12] Tran, D. D., Some aspects of biology and population dynamics of the goby Pseudapocryptes elongatus (Cuvier, 1816) in the Mekong Delta, PhD thesis, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2008.[13] Dinh, Q. M., Qin, J. G., Dittmann, S. & Tran, D. D., Seasonal variation of food and feeding in burrowing goby Parapocryptes serperaster (Gobiidae) at different body sizes, Ichthyological Research, 64 (2017) 179-189.[14] Dinh, Q. M. & Tran, M. T. D., Digestive tract morphology, food and feeding habits of the goby Stigmatogobius pleurostigma (Bleeker, 1849) from the Coastline in Soc Trang, VNU Journal of Science: Natural Sciences and Technology, 34 (2018) 46-55.

This study was conducted along the coastline in Trung Binh Commune, Tran De, Soc Trang from June 2016 to May 2017 to provide useful information on digestive tract morphology, feeding habit and food composition of the goby Stigmatogobius pleurostigma, a commercial fish in the study region. The external morphology of this goby was described additionally to provide information for fish classification. The point analyzing result of preys in the digestive tract of 56 individuals with stomach content out of 215 fish showed that this goby was an omnivorous fish. The food composition of this goby consisted of detritus (82.67%), crustacean (21.67%), fish eggs (6.67%), small fish (1.67%) and zooplankton (3.33%). The food composition of this goby varied with gender and season. The fullness and Clark indices of females: 345.1 ± 55.7 SE and 0.86 ± 0.03 SE; males: 304.3 ± 24.6 SE and 0.84 ± 0.04 SE. The fullness and Clark indices of this goby were 291.9 ± 36.0 SE and 0.92 ± 0.05 SE the wet season, and were 342.2 ± 35.4 SE and 0.78 ± 0.01 SE in the dry season. These results were basis for future aquaculture study of this goby.Keywords Clark index, food composition, fullness index, Stigmatogobius pleurostigma, relative length of the gut References [1] Nguyễn Nhật Thi, Động vật chí Việt Nam - Phân bộ cá Bống Gobioidei, Nxb khoa học và kỹ thuật Hà Nội, Hà Nội, 2000.[2] Mai Đình Yên, Nguyễn Văn Trọng, Nguyễn Văn Thiện, Lê Hoàng Yến & Hứa Bạch Loan, Định loại cá nước ngọt Nam bộ, Nxb Khoa học và Kỹ thuật, Hà Nội, 1992.[3] Nguyễn Văn Hảo, Cá nước ngọt Việt Nam, Nxb Nông nghiệp, Hà Nội, 2005.[4] Trần Đắc Định, Koichi, S., Nguyễn Thanh Phương, Hà Phước Hùng, Trần Xuân Lợi, Mai Văn Hiếu & Kenzo, U., Mô tả định loại cá Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long, Việt Nam, Nxb Đại học Cần Thơ, Cần Thơ, 2013.[5] Diệp Anh Tuấn, Đinh Minh Quang & Trần Đắc Định, Nghiên cứu thành phần loài cá họ Bống trắng (Gobiidae) phân bố ở ven biển tỉnh Sóc Trăng, Tạp chí Khoa học ĐHQGHN: Khoa học Tự nhiên và Công nghệ, 30 (2014) 68-76.[6] Phạm Thị Mỹ Xuân & Trần Đắc Định, Một số đặc điểm sinh sản của cá bống cát Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822) ở thành phố Cần Thơ, Tạp chí Khoa học Đại học Cần Thơ, 27 (2013) 161-168.[7] Dinh Minh Quang, Morphometrics and condition factor dynamics of the goby Stigmatogobius pleurostigma (Bleeker 1849) during dry and wet seasons in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, Asian Fisheries Sciences, 30 (2017) 17-25.[8] Cục thống kê tỉnh Sóc Trăng, Niên giám thống kê Sóc Trăng 2015, Nxb Thống kê, Sóc Trăng, 2016.[9] Lê Thông, Nguyễn Minh Tuệ, Nguyễn Văn Phú, Nguyễn Đăng Chúng, Phạm Xuân Hậu, Nguyễn Thị Sơn, Hoàng Văn Chức, Hoàng Phúc Lâm, Lê Huỳnh & Đào Ngọc Cảnh, Các tỉnh thành phố Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long, Nxb Giáo dục, Hà Nội, 2006.[10] Dinh Minh Quang, Nguyen Thi Tra Giang & Nguyen Thi Kieu Tien, Reproductive biology of the mudskipper Boleophthalmus boddarti in Soc Trang, Tap chi Sinh hoc, 37 (2015) 362-369.[11] Nikolsky, G. V., Ecology of fishes, Academic Press, London, United Kingdom, 1963.[12] Nguyễn Vũ Thanh, Nguyễn Ngọc Châu, Nguyễn Đình Tứ, Nguyễn Thanh Hiền, Vanreusel, A. & Smol, N., Động vật đáy hệ sinh thái rừng ngập mặn Cần Giờ, Nxb Khoa học Tự nhiên và Công nghệ, Ha Noi, 2013.[13] Biswas, S. P., Manual of Methods in Fish Biology, South Asian Publishers, 1993.[14] Shorygin, A. A., Feeding and trophic relations of fishes of the Caspian Sea, Pishchepromizdat, Moscow, 1952.[15] Clark, F. N., The weight-length relationship of the California Sardine (Sardina cærulea) at San Pedro, Division of fish and game of California, California, 1928.[16] Wand, M. P., Data-based choice of histogram bin width, The American Statistician, 51 (1997) 59-64.[17] Natarajan, A. V. & Jhingran, A. G., Index of preponderance—a method of grading the food elements in the stomach analysis of fishes Indian Journal of Fisheries, 8 (1961) 54-59.[18] Hyslop, E. J., Stomach contents analysis - a review of methods and their application, Journal of Fish Biology, 17 (1980) 411-429.[19] Dinh Minh Quang, Qin, J. G., Dittmann, S. & Tran Dac Dinh, Seasonal variation of food and feeding in burrowing goby Parapocryptes serperaster (Gobiidae) at different body sizes, Ichthyological Research, 64 (2017) 179-189.[20] Thacker, C. E., Phylogenetic placement of the European sand gobies in Gobionellidae and characterization of gobionellid lineages (Gobiiformes: Gobioidei), Zootaxa, 3619 (2013) 369-382.[21] Thacker, C., Phylogeny of Gobioidei and placement within acanthomorpha, with a new classification and investigation of diversification and character evolution, Copeia, 2009 (2009) 93-104.[22] Võ Thành Toàn & Trần Đắc Định, Nghiên cứu đặc điểm dinh dưỡng cá bống dừa (Oxyeleotris urophthalmus) phân bố dọc theo sông Hậu, Tạp chí Khoa học Đại học Cần Thơ, Thủy sản (2014) 192-197.[23] Trần Hoàng Vũ, Một số đặc điểm sinh học của cá thòi lòi (Priophthalmodon schlosseri) phân bố ở Sóc Trăng và Bạc Liêu, Cao học, Đại học Cần Thơ, 2011.[24] Al-Hussaini, A. H., On the functional morphology of the alimentary tract of some fish in relation to differences in their feeding habits: anatomy and histology, Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 3 (1949) 109-139.[25] Dinh Minh Quang, Preliminary study on dietary composition, feeding activity and fullness index of Boleophthalmus boddarti in Mekong Delta, Vietnam, Tap chi Sinh hoc, 37 (2015) 252-257.

Abstract. The objective of the present study was to assess anti-obesity and body weight reducing effect of Docynia indica (W.) Decne fruit extract fractions base on experimentally obese mice model.       Male mice (Mus musculus, Swiss strain of 4 weeks of  age, weighed at 14-15g) purchased from National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE) were  housed in a temperature (25 ± 20C) and humidity (80% ± 10 %) under a 12h light/12 h dark cycle. Diets and tap water were provided ad libitum. Experimental mice were divided into 5 groups in which, the first group was fed with normal pellet diet (ND) (Standard chow from NIHE), and other groups were fed high fat diet (HFD) containing 58% calories as fat for a period of 28 days [1,2] The obese mice were treated daily with extract fractions from Docynia indica fruit for 14 daysThe HFD mice exhibited significant increase in body weight to be 44.4% as compared to ND group at that time (p ≤ 0.05). Besides, the HFD mice showed significant increase in blood lipid parameters such as total cholesterol(TC),  triacylglycerols(TG), Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and glucose concentrations to be 67.3%, 46.2 %, 28.6 % and 18.3 %, respectively as compared to ND mice. Our investigations show that anti-obesity and body weight reducing effects in obese mice treated orally daily with 650 mg/kg of extract fractions from  Docynia indica (W.) Decne fruit were demonstrated. The obtained results indicate that the body weights of HFD mice daily treated by different extract fractions were reduced by 9.5 % (for ethyl acetate extract), 3.8 % (for chloroform extract) and 8.9 % (for total ethanol extract) as compared to the control( obese mice untreated )(p ≤ 0.05)).Besides,the blood lipid parameters of HFD mice treated with ethylacetae extract fraction of Docynia indica fruits for 14 days were decreased clearly, such as TC decreased 10.3%,TG decreased 31.6% LDL-c decreased 28.6%, especially blood glucose level in obese mice decreased 14.3% compared to control (p≤ 0.05).Keywords: Anti-obesity, body weight reducing effect, Docynia indica (W.) Decne, experimentally obese mice.

This study was conducted from December 2015 to November 2016 at 44 sampling sites in the Hau River Basin at Hau Giang Province. The analysis results recorded 125 fish species belonging to 19 Orders and 46 families. The fish species composition was more diverse in wet season (119 species) than that in dry season (101 species). Of 19 orders, Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, Anabatiformes, Perciformes and Gobiformes had the highest number of species recorded during wet and dry seasons. The fish species composition had higher diversity in the ecological region regulated by east sea tide than the ecological region regulated by west sea tide and the contiguous ecological region. Keyword Rish species composition, Hau Giang, Hau river References [1] Vũ Vi An, Đoàn Văn Tiến, Lâm Phước Khiêm & Nguyễn Nguyễn Du, Đánh giá sản lượng khai thác của ngư dân vùng Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long, Tuyển tập Nghề cá sông Cửu Long, 428-436, 2011.[2] Mai Đình Yên, Nguyễn Văn Trọng, Nguyễn Văn Thiện, Lê Hoàng Yến & Hứa Bạch Loan, Định loại cá nước ngọt Nam bộ, Nxb Khoa học và Kỹ thuật, Hà Nội, 1992.[3] Trương Thủ Khoa & Trần Thị Thu Hương, Định loại cá nước ngọt vùng Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long, Tủ sách Đại học Cần Thơ, Cần Thơ, 1993.[4] Đoàn Văn Tiến & Mai Thị Trúc Chi, Quan Trắc sản lượng cá đánh bắt ở Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long, Hội thảo quốc gia về phát triển thủy sản vùng hạ lưu sông Mekong, Việt nam, Nxb Nông nghiệp, 2005.[5] Trần Đắc Định, Koichi, S., Nguyễn Thanh Phương, Hà Phước Hùng, Trần Xuân Lợi, Mai Văn Hiếu & Kenzo, U., Mô tả định loại cá Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long, Việt Nam, Nxb Đại học Cần Thơ, Cần Thơ, 2013.[6] Viện Quy hoạch thủy lợi miền Nam, Quy hoạch xây dựng thủy lợi tỉnh Hậu Giang đến năm 2020 và tầm nhìn đến năm 2030 (Tập 1 Báo cáo tổng hợp), Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, 2012.[7] Phạm Nhật, Vũ Văn Dũng, Đỗ Quang Huy, Nguyễn Cử, Lê Nguyên Ngật, Nguyễn Hữu Dực, Nguyễn Thế Nhã, Võ Sĩ Tuấn, Phan Nguyên Hồng, Nguyễn Văn Tiến, Đào Tấn Hổ, Nguyễn Xuân Hòa, Nick Cox & Nguyễn Tiến Hiệp, Sổ tay hướng dẫn điều tra và giám sát đa dạng sinh học, Nxb Giao thông vận tải, Hà Nội, 2003.[8] Pravdin, I. F., Hướng dẫn nghiên cứu cá (Phạm Thị Minh Giang dịch), Nxb Khoa học và Kỹ thuật, Hà Nội, 1973.[9] Nguyễn Văn Hảo & Ngô Sỹ Vân, Cá nước ngọt Việt Nam, Nxb Nông Nghiệp, Hà Nội, 2001.[10] Nguyễn Văn Hảo, Cá nước ngọt Việt Nam, Nxb Nông nghiệp, Hà Nội, 2005.[11] Nguyễn Văn Hảo, Cá nước ngọt Việt Nam, Nxb Nông nghiệp, Hà Nội, 2005.[12] Rainboth, W. J., Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong, FAO, Roma, 1996.[13] Froese, R. & Pauly, D., FishBase, World Wide Web electronic publication, 2017, truy cập ngày 10/06/2017. www.fishbase.org[14] Nguyễn Ngọc Anh, 2016. Hạn - mặn lịch sử 2016 ở Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long: bài học kinh nghiệm và những giải pháp ứng phó, Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ Việt Nam, Hà Nội, 19/01/2018, http://www.khoahocvacongnghevietnam.com.vn/khcn-trung-uong/13123-han-man-lich-su-2016-0-dong-bang-song-cuu-long-bai-hoc-kinh-nghiem-va-giai-phap-ung-pho.  

Abstract

Abstract. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Pomelo (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) peel extracts (CGE) on activity of lipid-carbohydrate metabolic enzymes such as Carnitine pamitoyl-transferase (CPT), lipase, hexokinase, glucose 6-phosphatase and blood lipid glucose parameters in experimental obese and diabetic mice. The results showed that, in the experimental obese mice treated daily, orally with CGE at dose of 1200 mg/body weight for three weeks, activity of hepatic CPT have been raised from 30.5% (for ethanol extract) to 63.3% (for ethyl acetate extract) compared to the control. Simultaneous increase of blood lipolytic activity was demonstrated in obese mice treated daily by CGE in comparison with the control. In addition, body weight reducing and hypolipidemic effect of the CGE in obese mice were proven clearly. Interestingly, the anti-diabetic effect of CGE in diabetic STZ induced mice was demonstrated. Fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic mice treated orally with CGE (1200 mg/kg.b.w) for three weeks were reduced clearly in comparison with the control (diabetic mice untreated) (p< 0.001). Especially, hepatic hexokinase activity in diabetic mice treated with CGE was raised from 14.19% (for ethanol extract) to 55.46% (for ethyl acetate extract) in comparison with the control (untreated diabetic mice). On the contrary, activity of hepatic glucose 6-phosphatase in treated diabetic mice was decreased clearly as compared to untreated diabetic mice (p<0.05).Keywords: Citrus grandis (L.) Obeck, blood glucose and lipid, obese and streptozotocin diabetic mice, hypolipidemic, anti-diabetic effect.

Concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in settled house dust and road dust samples collected from a core urban area of Hanoi. Levels of PAHs ranged from 830 to 3500 (median 2000) ng/g in house dust, and from 1400 to 4700 (median 1700) ng/g in road dust. Concentrations of PAHs in dust samples of this study were within the moderate range as compared with those from other countries in the world. Toxic equivalents to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP-EQs) in our samples ranged from 81 to 850 (median 330) ng BaP-EQ/g with principal contributors as BaP and dibenz[a,h]anthracene, which accounted for 69% to 93% of BaP-EQs. In almost all the samples, proportions of high-molecular-weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs with 4–6 rings) were higher than those of low-molecular-weight PAHs (LMW-PAHs with 2–3 rings), suggesting emission sources from combustion processes rather than direct contamination by petrogenic sources. 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This study was conducted in the coastal estuaries in Bac Lieu and Ca Mau provinces in order to provide data on morphological and histological characteristics of as well as the spermatocyte development at every stage of the development of testis of goby Glossogobius sparsipapillus. The analysis results of 226 fish individuals, collected monthly from April 2019 to September 2019 by using the bottom nets, showed that the testis of this fish was double strands. In stage I, testis was small, thin and transparent; and the weight and size of testis increased from that stage onward. The colour of the testis became ivory white with the smooth and puffed surface. Spermatogonia were found through the cross-section of the testis in stage I, and then they were divided into primary spermatocytes and secondary spermatocytes, which were interlaced in stage II. In stage III, spermatids appeared in testicular lobes and developed into sperm in stage IV. This fish species is a multiple spawner during the breeding season, because there are several developmental stages of spermatocytes in their histology. This result is the basis for further research on artificial reproduction of this fish. Keywords: Bac Lieu, Ca Mau, Glossogobius sparsipapillus, reproductive form, testis.Keywords: Essential oil plats, life form, plants, Sop Cop nature reserve. References [1] P. Akihito, K. Meguro, Glossogobius sparsipapillus, a new species of goby from Viet Nam. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 23 (1976) 9-11. [2] D.D. Tran, K. Shibukawa, T.P. Nguyen, P.H. Ha, X.L. Tran, V.H. Mai & K. Utsugi, Fishes of Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Can Tho University Publisher, Can Tho, 2013 (In Vietnamese).[3] H.V. Nguyen, Freshwater fish of Viet Nam, Vol III, Agriculture Publishing House, Ha Noi, 2005 (In Vietnamese).[4] T.N. Nguyen, Fauna of Vietnam – Gobioidei, Science and Technics House Publishing, Ha Noi, 2000 (in Vietnamese).[5] H.M.T. To, T.M.X. Pham, V.H. Mai, D.D. Tran. Species composition of goby (Eleotridae and Gobiidae) and some characteristics of tank goby (G. giuris) distributed in Can Tho. Proceeding of Aqua Youth, Ho Chi Minh City (2013) 575-582 (in Vietnamese).[6] X.M.T. Pham, D.D. Tran, Some characteristics on reproductive biology of Tank goby (Glossogobus giuris) distributed in Can Tho city, Can Tho University Journal of Science 27 (2013) 161-168 (in Vietnamese).[7] Q.M. Dinh, T.V. Ly. Preliminary study result of length – weight of tank goby, Glossogobius giuris, distributing in Soc Trang, Can Tho University Journal of Science 2 (2014) 220-225. (in Vietnamese).[8] G.V. Nikolsky, Ecology of fishes, Academic Press, London, United Kingdom, 1963.[9] H.M. Carleton, R.A.B. Drury, E. Wallington, Carleton's Histological Technique, Oxford University Press, London, United Kingdom, 1980.[10] Q.M. Dinh, J.G. Qin, S. Dittmann, D.D. Tran, Reproductive biology of the burrow dwelling goby Parapocryptes serperaster. Ichthyological Research 63 (2016) 324–32. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10228-015-0502-7 [11] L. Bui, M.H. Nguyen, Q.K. Nguyen, Q.L. Le, D.Y. Mai, Basis of physiology of fish. Agriculture Publishing House, Ha Noi, 1985 (in Vietnamese).[12] P.J. Miller, The topology of gobioid fishes, G.W. Potts, R.J. Wootton (eds), The topology of gobioid fishes, Academic Press, Orlando, London, United Kingdom, 1984, 119-53[13] Q.M. Dinh, T.T.G. Nguyen, T.K.T. Nguyen, Reproductive biology of the mudskipper Boleophthalmus boddarti in Soc Trang. Tap chi Sinh hoc 37 (2015) 362-9. https://doi.org/10. 15625/0866-7160/v37n3.6720 [14] Q.M. Dinh, T.T.M. Le, Reproductive traits of the duckbill sleeper Butis butis (Hamilton, 1822). Zoological Science 34 (2017) 452-8. https://doi. org/10.2108/zs170013.[15] N.H.T. Le, Q.M. Dinh, Reproductive pattern, morphological and histological characteristics of gonads of the goby Eleotris melanosoma from the Coastline in Soc Trang, VNU Journal of Science: Natural Sciences and Technology, 33 (2017) 9-86. http://doi.org/10.25073/2588-1140/ vnunst.4490 (in Vietnamese).[16] Q.M. Dinh, T.T.N. Tran, Reproductive biological traits of the goby Stigmatogobius pleurostigma (Bleeker, 1849) from the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Indian Journal of Fisheries 65 (2018) 20-5. http://doi.org/10.21077/ijf.2018.65.1.681 88-04. [17] Q.M. Dinh, L.T. Tran, N.C. Ngo, T.B. Pham, T.T.K. Nguyen, Reproductive biology of the unique mudskipper Periophthalmodon septemradiatus living from estuary to upstream of the Hau River. Acta Zoologica(2018) 1-12. http://doi.org/10.1111/azo.12286.