The Multiple Realities of Sameness and Difference: Ideology and PracticeJournal of Social Issues - Tập 53 Số 2 - Trang 259-277 - 1997
Cynthia Fuchs Epstein
Gender distinctions as dichotomous categories are perpetuated and maintained by social mechanisms and are socially constructed. Part of this social construction is reproduced by many social scientists who adopt mainstream cultural categories of gender and, through theoretical or methodological biases, fail to question them, or who, by their own practices, reinforce them. This analysis is a...... hiện toàn bộ
Selective Activation and Disengagement of Moral ControlJournal of Social Issues - Tập 46 Số 1 - Trang 27-46 - 1990
Albert Bandura
Moral conduct is motivated and regulated mainly by the ongoing exercise of self‐reactive influence. But self‐regulatory mechanisms do not operate unless they are activated, and there are different psychological mechanisms by which moral control can be selectively activated or disengaged from inhumane conduct. Self‐sanctions can be disengaged by reconstruing detrimental conduct through mora...... hiện toàn bộ
The Justice of Need and the Activation of Humanitarian NormsJournal of Social Issues - Tập 31 Số 3 - Trang 111-136 - 1975
Shalom H. Schwartz
The distinctiveness of the justice of need and of humanitarian norms is examined and it is suggested that people do indeed sacrifice their own resources for the benefit of others without hope of external reward, motivated by internalized personal norms. A theoretical process leading from awareness of need through norm activation to overt behavior based on the justice of need is outlined, s...... hiện toàn bộ
Sexual Pollution: Reproductive Sex Taboos in American SocietyJournal of Social Issues - Tập 33 Số 2 - Trang 144-165 - 1977
Karen Ericksen Paige
A theory is presented to explain the similarity between America and other societies in reproductive sex taboos. The theory argues that these taboos are based on a concept of sexual pollution and represent implicit mechanisms used to solve inevitable social dilemmas produced by marriage. Data were collected from a representative sample of adults to test the theory. The results showed that m...... hiện toàn bộ
Perceptions of Control in Vulnerable PopulationsJournal of Social Issues - Tập 47 Số 4 - Trang 1-21 - 1991
Suzanne C. Thompson, Shirlynn Spacapan
A lack of control is a critical social issue when it is experienced by individuals who already have little opportunity to exercise control; thus, this journal issue brings together research on a number of vulnerable populations: children, medical patients, lower level employees, and the elderly. Because of the diverse populations to which this concept has been applied, the perceived contro...... hiện toàn bộ
Simulating Human Behavior for Understanding and Managing Environmental Resource UseJournal of Social Issues - Tập 63 Số 1 - Trang 97-116 - 2007
Wander Jager, Hans Mosler
Computer simulation allows for the experimental study of dynamic interactions between human behavior and complex environmental systems. Behavioral determinants and processes as identified in social‐scientific theory may be formalized in simulated agents to obtain a better understanding of man–environment interactions and of policy measures aimed at managing these interactions...... hiện toàn bộ
Attributions and Assignment of Responsibility in Sexual HarassmentJournal of Social Issues - Tập 38 Số 4 - Trang 121-136 - 1982
Inger W. Jensen, Barbara A. Gutek
Although research has investigated the extent to which sexual harassment exists and what people are or are not doing about it, little has been written about the personal attributions made for these behaviors by either those who have or those who have not been sexually harassed. Research on rape and the assignment of responsiblity for a rape may be useful as a base from which to generalize ...... hiện toàn bộ
Gender and Social InfluenceJournal of Social Issues - Tập 57 Số 4 - Trang 725-741 - 2001
Linda L. Carli
This review article reveals that men are generally more influential than women, although the gender difference depends on several moderators. Relative to men, women are particularly less influential when using dominant forms of communication, whereas the male advantage in influence is reduced in domains that are traditionally associated with the female role and in group settings in which m...... hiện toàn bộ
Prescriptive Gender Stereotypes and Backlash Toward Agentic WomenJournal of Social Issues - Tập 57 Số 4 - Trang 743-762 - 2001
Laurie A. Rudman, Peter Glick
In an experiment, job description and applicants' attributes were examined as moderators of the backlash effect, the negative evaluation of agentic women for violating prescriptions of feminine niceness (Rudman, 1998). Rutgers University students made hiring decisions for a masculine or “feminized” managerial job. Applicants were presented as either agentic or androgynous. Replicating Rudm...... hiện toàn bộ