Journal of Social Issues
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Attitudes Toward Younger and Older Adults: An Updated Meta‐Analytic ReviewThis meta‐analytic review of 232 effect sizes showed that, across five categories, attitudes were more negative toward older than younger adults. Perceived age differences were largest for age stereotypes and smallest for evaluations. As predicted by social role theory ( Eagly, 1987 ), effect sizes were reduced when detailed information was provided about the person being rated. The double standard of aging emerged for evaluations and behavior/behavioral intentions, but was reversed for the competence category. Perceptions depended on respondent age also. Results demonstrated both the multi‐dimensionality and the complexity of attitudes toward older adults ( hiện toàn bộ
Journal of Social Issues - Tập 61 Số 2 - Trang 241-266 - 2005
Machines and Mindlessness: Social Responses to ComputersFollowing Langer (1992), this article reviews a series of experimental studies that demonstrate that individuals mindlessly apply social rules and expectations to computers. The first set of studies illustrates how individuals overuse human social categories, applying gender stereotypes to computers and ethnically identifying with computer agents. The second set demonstrates thatpeople exh... ...
Journal of Social Issues - Tập 56 Số 1 - Trang 81-103 - 2000
The Multiple Realities of Sameness and Difference: Ideology and PracticeGender distinctions as dichotomous categories are perpetuated and maintained by social mechanisms and are socially constructed. Part of this social construction is reproduced by many social scientists who adopt mainstream cultural categories of gender and, through theoretical or methodological biases, fail to question them, or who, by their own practices, reinforce them. This analysis is a... ...
Journal of Social Issues - Tập 53 Số 2 - Trang 259-277 - 1997
How Young Children Evaluate People With and Without DisabilitiesHow do preschool‐age children evaluate people with disabilities, and does social contact make children more positive toward those who are different from them? To answer these questions, typically developing (TD) 3‐ to 5‐year‐old children completed tasks designed to measure their social preferences for, and judgments about the actions of, unfamiliar individuals with and without disabilities... ...
Journal of Social Issues - Tập 70 Số 1 - Trang 99-114 - 2014
Selective Activation and Disengagement of Moral ControlMoral conduct is motivated and regulated mainly by the ongoing exercise of self‐reactive influence. But self‐regulatory mechanisms do not operate unless they are activated, and there are different psychological mechanisms by which moral control can be selectively activated or disengaged from inhumane conduct. Self‐sanctions can be disengaged by reconstruing detrimental conduct through mora... ...
Journal of Social Issues - Tập 46 Số 1 - Trang 27-46 - 1990
The Justice of Need and the Activation of Humanitarian NormsThe distinctiveness of the justice of need and of humanitarian norms is examined and it is suggested that people do indeed sacrifice their own resources for the benefit of others without hope of external reward, motivated by internalized personal norms. A theoretical process leading from awareness of need through norm activation to overt behavior based on the justice of need is outlined, s... ...
Journal of Social Issues - Tập 31 Số 3 - Trang 111-136 - 1975
Sexual Pollution: Reproductive Sex Taboos in American SocietyA theory is presented to explain the similarity between America and other societies in reproductive sex taboos. The theory argues that these taboos are based on a concept of sexual pollution and represent implicit mechanisms used to solve inevitable social dilemmas produced by marriage. Data were collected from a representative sample of adults to test the theory. The results showed that m... ...
Journal of Social Issues - Tập 33 Số 2 - Trang 144-165 - 1977
Perceptions of Control in Vulnerable PopulationsA lack of control is a critical social issue when it is experienced by individuals who already have little opportunity to exercise control; thus, this journal issue brings together research on a number of vulnerable populations: children, medical patients, lower level employees, and the elderly. Because of the diverse populations to which this concept has been applied, the perceived contro... ...
Journal of Social Issues - Tập 47 Số 4 - Trang 1-21 - 1991
Environmentalism and Public Policy: Environmental Justice: Grassroots Activism and Its Impact on Public Policy Decision MakingA growing body of evidence reveals that people of color and low‐income persons have borne greater environmental and health risks than the society at large in their neighborhoods, workplace, and playgrounds. Over the last decade or so, grassroots activists have attempted to change the way government implements environmental, health, and civil rights laws. Grassroots groups have organized, e... ...
Journal of Social Issues - Tập 56 Số 3 - Trang 555-578 - 2000
New Trends in Measuring Environmental Attitudes: Measuring Endorsement of the New Ecological Paradigm: A Revised NEP ScaleDunlap and Van Liere's New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) Scale, published in 1978, has become a widely used measure of proenvironmental orientation. This article develops a revised NEP Scale designed to improve upon the original one in several respects: (1) It taps a wider range of facets of an ecological worldview, (2) It offers a balanced set of pro‐ and anti‐NEP items, and (3) It avoids ... ...
Journal of Social Issues - Tập 56 Số 3 - Trang 425-442 - 2000
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