The Multiple Realities of Sameness and Difference: Ideology and Practice

Journal of Social Issues - Tập 53 Số 2 - Trang 259-277 - 1997
Cynthia Fuchs Epstein1
1Department of Sociology, Graduate Center, CUNY

Tóm tắt

Gender distinctions as dichotomous categories are perpetuated and maintained by social mechanisms and are socially constructed. Part of this social construction is reproduced by many social scientists who adopt mainstream cultural categories of gender and, through theoretical or methodological biases, fail to question them, or who, by their own practices, reinforce them. This analysis is an overview of the epistemological and methodolical practices that reinforce gender distinctions and neglect reporting of similarities. Rejecting several models used to explain cultural differences, an alternative mode of analysis—multiplicity and proteanism—is proposed as a more productive perspective in the analysis of gender.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1177/089124390004002002

Aries E., 1996, Men and Women in Interaction: Reconsidering the Differences, 10.1093/oso/9780195094695.001.0001

Barnett R. C., 1996, He Works, She Works: How Two‐Income Families Are Happier, Healthier, and Better Off

Belenky M. F., 1986, Women's Ways of Knowing: The Development of Self, Voice, and Mind

10.1037/0033-295X.88.4.354

10.1017/CBO9780511812507

10.1525/9780520924086

10.1086/493857

10.4324/9780203323373

Costello C., 1991, We 're Worth It! Women and Collective Action in the Insurance Workplace

Crosby F., 1987, Spouse, Parent, Worker: On Gender and Multiple Roles

10.1037/0022-3514.46.5.991

Deaux K., 1987, Putting gender into context: An interactive model of gender‐related behavior, Psychological Review, 94, 369, 10.1037/0033-295X.94.3.369

Eagly A. H., 1987, Sex Differences in Social Behavior: A Social Role Interpretation

Epstein C. F., The Anxious American

Epstein C. F., 1997, Myths and justifications of sex segregation in higher education: VMI and the Citadel, Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy, 4, 101

Epstein C. F., 1996, Trauma and Self, 159

Epstein C. F., 1995, Pistol‐packing mamas, Dissent, 536

Epstein C. F., 1993, Women in Law

Epstein C. F., 1988, Deceptive Distinctions, Sex, Gender and the Social Order

Epstein C. F., 1985, Ideal roles and real roles: Or the fallacy of the misplaced dichotomy, Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 4, 29

Epstein C. F., 1973, Separate and unequal: Notes on women's achievement, Social Policy, 6, 17

Epstein C. F., 1970, Woman's Place: Options and Limits in Professional Careers, 10.1525/9780520311947

Epstein C. F., 1981, Access to Power: Cross‐National Studies of Women and Elites

Erikson K., 1996, Genocide, War and Human Survival, 51

Faludi S., 1991, Backlash: The Undeclared War Against American Women

Fausto‐Sterling A., 1985, Myths of Gender: Biological Theories about Women and Men

10.3102/00346543062001061

Foucault M., 1977, The Order of Things

Friedan B., 1976, It Changed My Life

10.1016/0002-8703(63)90329-6

Gilligan C., 1982, In a Different Voice

10.1007/BF00206983

Goode W. J., 1964, The Family

Gould S. J., 1981, The Mismeasure of man

Hall S., 1984, Culture, Media language

Haraway D., 1991, Simians, Cyborgs, and Women

Haraway D., 1989, Primate Visions

Harding S., 1986, The Science Question in Feminism

Hochschild A. R., 1989, The Second Shift: Working Parents and the Revolution at Home

Hochschild A. R., 1983, The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling

10.2307/2096428

10.1177/0730888497024002005

Hyde J. S., 1990, Understanding Human Sexuality

10.1086/493859

Johnson D., 1996, What do women want?, The New York Review of Books, 22

Kanter R. M., 1977, Men and Women of the Corporation

Keller E. F., 1978, Gender and science, Psychoanalysis and Contemporary Thought, 409

10.1086/493855

Lamont M., 1990, Cultivating Differences

Lamont M., 1990, Frontiers of Social Theory: The New Synthesis

Lifton R. J., 1994, The Protean Self

Lorber J., 1984, Women Physicians: Careers, Status and Power

Merton R. K., 1957, Social Theory and Social Structure

Nicholson L., 1990, Feminism/Postmodernism

Reskin B., 1986, Women's Work, Men's Work: Sex Segregation on the Job

10.2307/2657301

Rosener J., 1995, America's Competitive Secret: Utilizing Women as a Management Strategy

Rossi A., 1964, The equality of women: an immodest proposal, Daedalus, 93, 607

10.1146/annurev.soc.22.1.299

Sherif C. W., 1979, The Prism of Sex: Essays in the Sociology of Knowledge, 93

Sherman J. A., 1979, The Prism of Sex: Essays in the Sociology of Knowledge

Smith D. E., 1990, The Conceptual Practices of Power: A Feminist Sociology of Knowledge

10.1111/j.1467-6494.1984.tb00357.x

Spence J. T., 1985, Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 59

10.1016/B978-0-12-541413-5.50006-1

Tannen D., 1990, You Just Don't Understand: Women and Men in Conversation

Tavris C., 1992, The Mismeasure of Woman

Teixeira R., 1997, Finding the real center: Lessons of the 1996 elections, Dissent, 51

10.2307/2095103

Tong R., 1989, Feminist Thought: A Comprehensive Introduction

Thomas W. I., 1928, The Child in America

Turbin C., 1992, Working Women of Collar City: Gender, Class: and Community in Troy, 1864‐86

Vallas S., 1993, Power in the Workplace: The Politics of Production at AT&T

Vojdik V. K., 1997, Girls' Schools after VMI: Do They Make the Grade?, Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy, 4, 69

10.2307/2547158

Westwood S., 1985, All Day Every Day: Factory and Family in the Making of Women's Lives

Yarrow M.(1987 April).Class and gender in the developing consciousness of Appalachian coal miners. Paper presented to the Fifth UMIST‐ASTON Annual Conference on Organization and Control of the Labor Process Manchester England.

Zuckerman H., 1991, The Outer Circle: Women in the Scientific Community