Journal of Adolescence
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Sleep patterns and impulse control among Japanese junior high school students ABSTRACT Adolescents with decreased impulse control exhibit behavioral problems. Lifestyles are related to impulse control. However, the relations of sleep patterns and impulse control among adolescents are unknown. Thus we examined how sleep patterns were associated with impulse control among Japanese junior high school students. Surveys were completed by a nationwide sample of 1934 students. A significant association between decreased impulse control and bedtimes after midnight was revealed. Specific lifestyle factors related to bedtimes after midnight were older age, greater numbers of hours spent watching television, lack of participation in an extracurricular activity, greater use of convenience stores, and increased attendance at cram schools. This study revealed that going to sleep after midnight was significantly related to decreased impulse control among adolescents. Data about specific lifestyle factors related to going to sleep after midnight should be useful in preventing those behaviors demonstrated by school children that derive from decreased impulse control.
Journal of Adolescence - Tập 33 Số 5 - Trang 633-641 - 2010
The appearance culture between friends and adolescent appearance‐based rejection sensitivity ABSTRACT Appearance‐based rejection sensitivity (appearance‐RS) is the tendency to anxiously expect, readily perceive, and overreact to signs of rejection based on one's appearance, and is associated with a number of psychological and social problems (Park, 2007). This study of 380 adolescents (M age = 13.84) examined a model linking the appearance culture between friends with appearance‐RS in adolescent boys and girls, via internalisation of appearance ideals, social comparison, and body dissatisfaction. Gender differences were also tested. Consistent with expectations, appearance‐focused characteristics of the friendship context were associated with heightened appearance‐RS via internalization of appearance ideals, social comparison, and body dissatisfaction. The appearance‐focused friend characteristics that were associated with appearance‐RS included exposure to friends' appearance conversations, appearance teasing that caused distress, and perceived pressure to be attractive. Notably, associations rarely differed for boys and girls, with one exception: the association between BMI and body dissatisfaction was stronger in girls than in boys.
Journal of Adolescence - Tập 37 Số 4 - Trang 347-358 - 2014
Adolescent coping style and behaviors: conceptualization and measurement The developmental tasks associated with adolescence pose a unique set of stressors and strains. Included in the normative tasks of adolescence are developing an identity, differentiating from the family while still staying connected, and fitting into a peer group. The adolescent's adaptation to these and other, often competing demands is achieved through the process of coping which involves cognitive and behavioral strategies directed at eliminating or reducing demands, redefining demands so as to make them more manageable, increasing resources for dealing with demands, and/or managing the tension which is felt as a result of experiencing demands. In this paper, individual coping theory and family stress theory are reviewed to provide a theoretical foundation for assessing adolescent coping. In addition, the development and testing of an adolescent self‐report coping inventory, Adolescent Coping Orientation for Problem Experiences (A‐COPE) is presented. Gender differences in coping style are presented and discussed. These coping patterns were validated against criterion indices of adolescents' use of cigarettes, liquor, and marijuana using data from a longitudinal study of 505 families with adolescents. The findings are discussed in terms of coping theory and measurement and in terms of adolescent development and substance use.
Journal of Adolescence - Tập 10 Số 2 - Trang 163-186 - 1987
Trust, autonomy and relationships: The help‐seeking preferences of young people in secondary level schools in London (UK) ABSTRACT Help‐seeking among young people is complicated, often determined vicariously by the ability of adults, family or professionals, to recognize, and respond to, their difficulties. We know very little about the complex concerns of teenage young people and how they impact on help‐seeking preferences. We aimed to ascertain the help‐seeking preferences for a range of mental health problems among adolescents attending schools in an inner‐city area of London. In particular we sought to examine the relationship between such adolescents and their family doctor. Using a mixed methods approach we explored help‐seeking attitudes of young people. Emotional and mental health problems are not seen by young people as the domain of General practitioners. Moreover, there is a worrying lack of confidence and trust placed in family doctor and other professionals by young people. Young people do not tend easily to trust adults to help them with emotional difficulties.
Journal of Adolescence - Tập 34 - Trang 685-693 - 2011
How is civic engagement developed over time? Emerging answers from a multidisciplinary field ABSTRACT Insights into the development of civic values, attitudes, knowledge, skills and behaviours are greatly demanded by adults worried about a seemingly steady decline in the societal interest of their offspring. Hence, the collection of studies in this special issue on civic engagement in adolescence is not only timely and enlightening, but it also has the potentials to contribute to research in different disciplines on various dimensions, mechanisms and normative models of civic engagement. The studies reveal some promising attempts to bring civil themes into the field of adolescent development. However, to overcome some conceptual, methodological and empirical shortcomings, future developmental studies in the area need to be substantially improved by considering cultural and institutional conditions, by focussing on processes across various everyday life contexts, by merging theories from different disciplinary fields, by conceptualizing adolescents as changeable subjects, and by delineating untested and unwarranted normative assumptions.
Journal of Adolescence - Tập 35 Số 3 - Trang 611-627 - 2012
Developmental trajectories of civic engagement across adolescence: Disaggregation of an integrated construct☆ ABSTRACT Using longitudinal data from Grades 8 to 11 of the 4‐H Study of Positive Youth Development, a longitudinal study involving U.S. adolescents, we examined the developmental trajectories of multiple components of civic engagement, and the effects of youth development program participation and participation in another major domain of youth engagement (religious activity) on these trajectories. A set of two‐level, hierarchical linear models (time‐varying measures of civic engagement at level 1 and covariates at level 2) were conducted. Results indicated that the components of civic engagement have different starting points and growth rates during adolescence and that the contextual factors have differing effects dependent on the civic engagement component. By understanding how the components of civic engagement develop during adolescence, and the contextual factors that affect those trajectories, practitioners can gain more nuanced insights into how and when to effectively encourage youth civic engagement.
Journal of Adolescence - Tập 34 Số 6 - Trang 1207-1220 - 2011
Adolescents' expected civic participation: The role of civic knowledge and efficacy beliefs ABSTRACT In the present study we examined the role of civic knowledge and efficacy beliefs as factors that can promote adolescents' expectations to participate in civic activities, while also taking into consideration the influences of socio‐economic background and gender differences. Structural equation modelling techniques were used to examine data from the International Civic and Citizenship Study, collected from 3352 eighth grade Italian students. Gender was found to significantly moderate some relationships between the variables, while efficacy beliefs, rather than civic knowledge, positively influenced expected civic participation. Socio‐economic background influenced all the variables included in the study, but it had a very small direct influence on adolescents' expected civic participation. It therefore appears that adolescents' expected civic participation can be encouraged by making them more confident about their civic and political abilities. These results extend our understanding of civic engagement in adolescents, and can inform policies aiming to promote it.
Journal of Adolescence - Tập 37 Số 5 - Trang 632-641 - 2014
Childhood stress, behavioural symptoms and mother–daughter pubertal development
Journal of Adolescence - Tập 21 - Trang 231-240 - 1998
Demographic group differences in adolescents' time attitudes ABSTRACT In the present study, we examined demographic differences in time attitudes in a sample of 293 adolescents. Time attitudes were measured using the Adolescent Time Attitude Scale (Mello & Worrell, 2007; Worrell, Mello, & Buhl, 2011), which assesses positive and negative attitudes toward the past, the present, and the future. Generally, African Americans and Asian Americans reported higher scores for negative time attitudes and lower scores for positive time attitudes than European Americans and Latinos, with medium sizes. Adolescents in the low socioeconomic status group reported a less favorable evaluation of their past than middle and high SES peers, but there were no meaningful differences in time attitudes by gender. Findings indicate that middle SES adolescents, high school juniors and seniors, Latinos, and European Americans had higher representation in positive time attitude clusters (i.e., Positives and Balanced) than high SES adolescents, high school freshmen and sophomores, and African Americans.
Journal of Adolescence - Tập 36 Số 2 - Trang 289-301 - 2013
Time attitudes predict changes in adolescent self‐efficacy: A 24‐month latent transition mover‐stayer analysis ABSTRACT Increasingly, the study of temporal psychology is moving away from bivariate analyses towards person‐centered analyses, which simultaneously account for scores on past, present and future dimensions. However, longitudinal studies are lacking. This study builds on a developing literature by examining the 24‐month relationship between time attitudes and criterion variables. Four latent profiles called Positive, Ambivalent, Moderately Negative, and Negative, were identified. Results showed that time attitude profiles were generally unstable across the first three years of high school. However, those who stayed in the Positive profile developed higher self‐efficacy in all domains. Transitioning to the Positive profile was associated with positive outcomes, whereas other transitions among profiles were associated with negative outcomes. There were small‐sized, socio‐demographic effects such that living in Northern Ireland (compared to Scotland), being male, and not being entitled to a free school meal, were all related to membership of, or transition to, the Positive profile.
Journal of Adolescence - Tập 62 - Trang 27-37 - 2018
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