International Journal of Toxicology
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Endotoxin Potentiates Cocaine-Mediated Hepatotoxicity by Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species Exposure to small, noninjurious doses of the inflammagen, bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) augments the toxicity of certain hepatotoxicants, including cocaine. The mechanism of this interaction has not been clearly elucidated, but it seems that aspects of the inflammatory response initiated by exposure to LPS may be responsible. In particular, this study examined the role of ... ... hiện toàn bộ
International Journal of Toxicology - Tập 22 Số 4 - Trang 305-316 - 2003
Oxidative Stress as a Mechanism Involved in Kidney Damage After Subchronic Exposure to Vanadium Inhalation and Oral Sweetened Beverages in a Mouse Model Kidney diseases have notably increased in the last few years. This is partially explained by the increase in metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and systemic blood hypertension. However, there is a segment of the population that has neither of the previous risk factors, yet suffers kidney damage. Exposure to atmospheric pollutants has been suggested as a possible risk factor. Air-suspended part... ... hiện toàn bộ
International Journal of Toxicology - Tập 37 Số 1 - Trang 45-52 - 2018
Genotoxic Effects of Benzo[a]pyrene and Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene in a Human Lung Cell Line Several studies have shown that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) produce genotoxic effects in assays performed in vivo and in vitro. This study was undertaken to investigate the ability of benzo[ a]pyrene (BP) and dibenzo[ a,l]pyrene (DBP) to induce DNA damage in a human lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5), using sister-chromatid exchanges test (SCEs), the comet assay, and evaluating... ... hiện toàn bộ
International Journal of Toxicology - Tập 25 Số 1 - Trang 49-55 - 2006
14-Day Repeat-Dose Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Oxazyme in Rats and Dogs Oxazyme (OC4) is an orally administered formulation that has as an active component a recombinant mutant form of Bacillus subtilis oxalate decarboxylase (OxDC) enzyme C383S, designed to degrade dietary oxalate in the stomach. Fourteen-day repeat-dose studies were conducted in rats and dogs to evaluate toxicity and determine a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL). Animals were administ... ... hiện toàn bộ
International Journal of Toxicology - Tập 29 Số 1 - Trang 20-31 - 2010
Comparison of the Repeated Dose Toxicity of Isomers of Dinitrotoluene Dinitrotoluene (DNT) is a nitroaromatic explosive used in propellant mixtures and in the production of plastics. Isomers of DNT were administered daily via oral gavage to male Sprague-Dawley rats for 14 days to determine the subacute toxicity of individual isomers of DNT. The 3,5-DNT isomer was the most toxic isomer, inducing weight loss and mortality within 3 days. Cyanosis and anemia we... ... hiện toàn bộ
International Journal of Toxicology - Tập 31 Số 2 - Trang 143-157 - 2012
Dynamic Effect of Di-2-(Ethylhexyl) Phthalate on Testicular Toxicity: Epigenetic Changes and Their Impact on Gene Expression This study investigated epigenetic (specifically, DNA methylation) changes and their impact on gene expression in testes induced by maternal exposure to Di-2-(ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in mice. Testicular dysgenesis syndrome was induced in fetuses and pups by maternal exposure to DEHP at 500 mg/kg/d, and testes were excised for analysis on gestation day (GD) 19 and postnatal days (PNDs... ... hiện toàn bộ
International Journal of Toxicology - Tập 29 Số 2 - Trang 193-200 - 2010
Safety Assessment of Triethanolamine and Triethanolamine-Containing Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel assessed the safety of triethanolamine (TEA) and 31 related TEA-containing ingredients as used in cosmetics. The TEA is reported to function as a surfactant or pH adjuster; the related TEA-containing ingredients included in this safety assessment are reported to function as surfactants and hair- or skin-conditioning agents. The exception is TEA-... ... hiện toàn bộ
International Journal of Toxicology - Tập 32 Số 3_suppl - Trang 59S-83S - 2013
Safety Assessment of Diethanolamine and Its Salts as Used in Cosmetics The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel assessed the safety of diethanolamine and its salts as used in cosmetics. Diethanolamine functions as a pH adjuster; the 16 salts included in this rereview reportedly function as surfactants, emulsifying agents, viscosity increasing agents, hair or skin conditioning agents, foam boosters, or antistatic agents. The Panel reviewed available ... ... hiện toàn bộ
International Journal of Toxicology - Tập 36 Số 5_suppl2 - Trang 89S-110S - 2017
The Critical Role of House Dust in Understanding the Hazards Posed by Contaminated Soils The health risks posed by soil pollutants are generally thought to be due to soilingestion and have often resulted in massive regulatory efforts to remedy such contamination. The contribution of this route to the actual human health hazard has been questioned, however, as soil removal alone seems to have little influence on the body burdens of soil contaminants in exposed individuals. Ong... ... hiện toàn bộ
International Journal of Toxicology - Tập 16 Số 4-5 - Trang 339-362 - 1997
Evaluation of the Developmental Toxicity of 1-(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-Octahydro-2,3,8, 8-Tetramethyl-2-Naphthalenyl) Ethanone (OTNE) in Rats The developmental toxicity of 1-(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-Octahydro-2,3,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl) ethanone (OTNE), a widely used fragrance ingredient, was evaluated in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (25/group) gavaged with dosages of 0 (water), 96, 240, or 480 mg/kg/d on days 7 through 17 of gestation (GDs 7–17). Rats were observed for clinical signs, abortions, premature deliveries, body weig... ... hiện toàn bộ
International Journal of Toxicology - Tập 28 Số 3 - Trang 213-218 - 2009
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