International Journal of Photoenergy
1110-662X
1687-529X
Mỹ
Cơ quản chủ quản: Hindawi Publishing Corporation , HINDAWI LTD
Lĩnh vực:
Atomic and Molecular Physics, and OpticsRenewable Energy, Sustainability and the EnvironmentMaterials Science (miscellaneous)Chemistry (miscellaneous)
Các bài báo tiêu biểu
Economic Feasibility for Recycling of Waste Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules Cumulative photovoltaic (PV) power installed in 2016 was equal to 305 GW. Five countries (China, Japan, Germany, the USA, and Italy) shared about 70% of the global power. End-of-life (EoL) management of waste PV modules requires alternative strategies than landfill, and recycling is a valid option. Technological solutions are already available in the market and environmental benefits are highlighted by the literature, while economic advantages are not well defined. The aim of this paper is investigating the financial feasibility of crystalline silicon (Si) PV module-recycling processes. Two well-known indicators are proposed for a reference 2000 tons plant: net present value (NPV) and discounted payback period (DPBT). NPV/size is equal to −0.84 €/kg in a baseline scenario. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is conducted, in order to improve the solidity of the obtained results. NPV/size varies from −1.19 €/kg to −0.50 €/kg. The absence of valuable materials plays a key role, and process costs are the main critical variables.
Tập 2017 - Trang 1-6 - 2017
Transition metal doped TiO<sub>2</sub>: physical properties and photocatalytic behaviour Two probe photocatalytic reactions, i.e. ethanoic acid and 4‐nitrophenol photooxidation, were
carried out in different experimental conditions by using suspensions of transition metal (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe,
Mo, V and W) doped polycrystalline TiO2 powders in aqueous systems. A beneficial influence of the presence
of metal species was observed only with the samples containing copper and tungsten. In particular,
the TiO2 /Cu powders showed to be more photoactive of bare TiO2 for the ethanoic acid oxidation while the
TiO2 /W samples were more efficient for 4‐nitrophenol degradation. A tentative interpretation is provided
on the basis of the values of the points of zero charge of the powders and of the rate constants of recombination
of photogenerated electrons and holes, determined by femtosecond pump‐probe diffuse reflectance
spectroscopy (PP‐DRS).
Tập 3 Số 4 - Trang 171-176 - 2001
Synthesis of Neutral / Hydrosol and Its Application as Antireflective Self-Cleaning Thin Film A neutral SiO2 /TiO2 composite hydrosol was prepared by a coprecipitation-peptization method using titanium tetrachloride and silicon dioxide hydrosol as precursors. It is not only an antireflective self-cleaning coating material but also an environmental-benign material. Even heated at 700°C for 5 minutes in the tempering process, the as-prepared SiO2 /TiO2 thin film still demonstrated antireflection and photocatalytic self-cleaning effect. The SiO2 /TiO2 thin film increased near 2% of transmittance; however, the TiO2 thin film decreased 5% of transmittance at least. In addition to antireflection, the SiO2 /TiO2 thin film decomposed the surface coated oleic acid under ultraviolet light and showed superhydrophilicity under dark for two days. The SiO2 /TiO2 thin film also showed good photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. With these antireflection, persistent superhydrophilicity, and photocatalytic self-cleaning effects, this prepared neutral SiO2 /TiO2 hydrosol would be a good coating material for tempered glass and other building materials.
Tập 2012 - Trang 1-8 - 2012
Enhanced Solar Photoelectrochemical Conversion Efficiency of ZnO:Cu Electrodes for Water-Splitting Application n-type ZnO:Cu photoanodes were fabricated by simple spray pyrolysis deposition technique. Influence of low concentration (range ~10−4 –10−1 %) of Cu doping in hexagonal ZnO lattice on its photoelectrochemical performance has been investigated. The doped photoanodes displayed 7-time enhanced conversion efficiencies with respect to their undoped counterpart, as estimated from the photocurrents generated under simulated solar radiation. This is the highest enhancement in the solar conversion efficiency reported so far for the Cu-doped ZnO. This performance is attributed to the red shift in the band gap of the Cu-doped films and is in accordance with the incident-photon-current-conversion efficiency (IPCE) measurements. Electrochemical studies reveal ann-type nature of these photoanodes. Thus, the study indicates a high potential of doped ZnO films for solar energy applications, in purview of the development of simple nanostructuring methodologies.
Tập 2013 - Trang 1-9 - 2013
Sunlight-Induced Photochemical Degradation of Methylene Blue by Water-Soluble Carbon Nanorods Water-soluble graphitic hollow carbon nanorods (wsCNRs) are exploited for their light-driven photochemical activities under outdoor sunlight. wsCNRs were synthesized by a simple pyrolysis method from castor seed oil, without using any metal catalyst or template. wsCNRs exhibited the light-induced photochemical degradation of methylene blue used as a model pollutant by the generation of singlet oxygen species. Herein, we described a possible degradation mechanism of methylene blue under the irradiation of visible photons via the singlet oxygen-superoxide anion pathway.
Tập 2016 - Trang 1-8 - 2016
Preparation of Improved p-n Junction NiO/TiO<sub>2</sub>Nanotubes for Solar-Energy-Driven Light Photocatalysis Self-organized TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) with average inner diameter of 109 nm, wall thickness of 15 nm, and tube length of 7–10 μ m were loaded with nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles via incipient wet impregnation method. The molar concentration of Ni(NO3 )2 ·6H2 O aqueous solution varied in a range of 0.5 M–2.5 M. The samples were characterized for crystalline phase, morphology, topography, chemical composition, Raman shift, and UV-Vis diffusion reflection properties. The finding shows that the loading of NiO did not influence the morphology, structure, and crystalline phase of TNTs but it exhibited significant effect on crystallite size and optical absorption properties. Further, the solar-energy-driven the photocatalytic activity of NiO/TNTs and pure TNTs was evaluated by degrading methylene blue (MB). The results confirm that photocatalytic efficiency of NiO/TNTs is higher than that of TNTs.
Tập 2013 - Trang 1-10 - 2013
Highly Selective Deethylation of Rhodamine B on Prepared in Supercritical Fluids Pure phase anatase TiO2 nanoparticles with sizes of 5–8 nm and varying crystallinity were synthesized in supercritical isopropanol/water using a continuous flow reactor. Their photodegradation of rhodamine B (RhB) was evaluated under visible light irradiation. The as-prepared TiO2 nanoparticles show much higher photodegradation efficiencies than commercial Degussa P25 TiO2 . Moreover, the photodegradation of RhB on the as-prepared TiO2 follows a different process from that on P25 TiO2 , quicker N-deethylation and slower cleavage of conjugated chromophore structure. Based on PXRD, TEM, and BET measurements, these two photodegradation properties have been explained by the physicochemical properties of TiO2 .
Tập 2012 - Trang 1-7 - 2012
Thin film solar cells on glass by transfer of monocrystalline Si films Thin film solar cells based on monocrystalline Si films are transferred to a glass superstrate.
Chemical vapor deposition serves to epitaxially deposit Si on quasi‐monocrystalline Si films obtained from
thermal crystallization of a double layer porous Si film on a Si wafer. A separation layer that forms during
this crystallization process allows one to separate the epitaxial layer on top of the quasi‐monocrystalline film
from the starting Si wafer. We presently achieve an independently confirmed solar cell conversion efficiency
of 9:26%. Ray tracing studies in combination with electrical device simulation indicate an efficiency potential
of around 17% using simple device processing and moderate assumptions on minority carrier lifetime and
surface recombination.
Tập 1 Số 2 - Trang 89-93 - 1999
Studies of Dye Sensitisation Kinetics and Sorption Isotherms of Direct Red 23 on Titania Sorption kinetics and isotherms have been measured for a commercial dye (Direct Red 23) on different samples of powdered Titania, and the data were analysed to better understand the dye sensitization process for dye sensitised solar cells (DSSCs). For the sorption kinetics, the data show rapid initial sorption (<1 hour) followed by slower rate of increasing uptake between 1 and 24 hours. While higher initial concentrations of dye correspond to higher sorption overall, less dye is absorbed from higher initial dye concentrations when considered as percentage uptake. The correlation between the sorption data and model isotherms has been considered with time. The Langmuir model shows better correlations compared to the Freundlich isotherm. The dye uptake data has also been correlated with Titania characterization data (X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, BET and zero point charge analysis). Kinetic data show significantly better fits to second‐order models compared to first order. This suggests that chemisorption is taking place and that the interaction between the dye sorbate and the Titania sorbent involves electron sharing to form an ester bond.
Tập 2008 Số 1 - 2008
Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Aqueous Solution Using a Pt‐TiO<sub>2</sub> Film A series of Pt‐TiO2 films with nanocrystaline structure was prepared by a procedure of photodeposition and subsequent dip‐coating. The Pt‐TiO2 films were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscope, electrochemical characterization to examine the surface structure, chemical composition, and the photoelectrochemical properties. The photocatalytic activity of the Pt‐TiO2 films was evaluated in the photocatalytic (PC) and photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) degradation of formic acid in aqueous solution. Compared with a TiO2 film, the efficiency of formic acid degradation using the Pt‐TiO2 films was significantly higher in both the PC and PEC processes. The enhancement is attributed to the action of Pt deposits on the TiO2 surface, which play a key role by attracting conduction band photoelectrons. In the PEC process, the anodic bias externally applied on the illuminated Pt‐TiO2 films can further drive away the accumulated photoelectrons from the metal deposits and promote a process of interfacial charge transfer.
Tập 2009 Số 1 - 2009