Human Factors
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Stability Ball Versus Office Chair: Comparison of Muscle Activation and Lumbar Spine Posture During Prolonged Sitting
Human Factors - Tập 48 Số 1 - Trang 142-153 - 2006
Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the differences between
sitting on a stability ball and in an office chair in terms of trunk muscle
activation and lumbar spine posture. Background: Stability balls have become
increasingly popular as an alternative to office chairs to help reduce the
prevalence of low back pain; however, little research has been conducted on
their use as offic...
Individual Differences and the Perception of Traffic Signs
Human Factors - Tập 20 Số 1 - Trang 65-74 - 1978
The study focused on the relationship between field dependence and the ability
to perceive traffic signs in embedded and disembedded contexts as measured by
verbal reaction times. Intercorrelations among the reaction times, personality
measures, and driving record items were also tested. Twenty-eight females were
blocked into four quartiles according to their score on the Group Embedded
Figures Te...
Alcohol and Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff
Human Factors - Tập 21 Số 4 - Trang 433-443 - 1979
Performance on two auditory choice reaction time (RT) tasks was studied in a
group of 12 subjects under the influence of graded doses of ethyl alcohol
ranging from placebo to 1 g/kg body weight. Deadline procedures were employed in
a side discrimination and a pitch discrimination task to permit the calculation
of speed-accuracy tradeoff functions (accuracy versus RT). Accuracy declined as
a functi...
Individual Differences in Accident Liability: A Review and Integrative Approach
Human Factors - Tập 40 Số 4 - Trang 655-671 - 1998
This paper reviews research since 1970 on the relationship between accident
liability and individual differences, focusing specifically on accidents at
work. The history of research into accident liability and the methodological
problems associated with the research are considered. The review goes on to
examine work on the impact of personality factors, cognitive factors, and social
factors on the...
A Model for Visual Memory Tasks
Human Factors - Tập 5 Số 1 - Trang 19-31 - 1963
A model for visual recall tasks was presented in terms of visual information
storage (VIS), scanning, rehearsal, and auditory information storage (AIS). It
was shown first that brief visual stimuli are stored in VIS in a form similar to
the sensory input. These visual “images” contain considerably more information
than is transmitted later. They can be sampled by scanning for items at high
rates o...
Effect of Lead Use on Back and Shoulder Postural Muscle Activity in Healthy Young Adults
Human Factors - Tập 53 Số 6 - Trang 729-739 - 2011
Objective: The primary goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that
wearing the 3.7 kg vest portion of a radiological shielding garment (a “lead”)
significantly increases lower back and shoulder muscle activity in quasistatic
erect and forward-flexed postures. Secondarily, the authors examined the effects
of gender and forward-flexed posture as well as their interactions with lead
use. Backg...
Diurnal Variation, Task Characteristics, and Vigilance Performance
Human Factors - Tập 29 Số 6 - Trang 675-684 - 1987
Three experiments consider the effects of several task features along with the
time of day when vigilance was tested. The first experiment found that
detections on the Bakan task depended on event rate and signal frequency and
that the adverse effects of lowering signal frequency were more marked in the
afternoon than in the morning. The second experiment found that the typical
sensitivity decreme...
Evaluation of Pictorial Assembly Instructions for Young Children
Human Factors - Tập 50 Số 4 - Trang 652-662 - 2008
Objective: We examined the usability of common formats of pictorial toy assembly
instructions for 6- and 9-year-old children. Background: Interlocking building
toys and models are increasingly prevalent and important for developing spatial
abilities and fine motor skills among children. Little is known about how
effectively the intended child users can interpret and carry out the
instructions. Met...
Nonadjectival Rating Scales in Human Response Experiments
Human Factors - Tập 15 Số 3 - Trang 275-280 - 1973
Twenty-two subjects participated in two tracking experiments for the purpose of
determining the utility of a nonordinal, nonadjectival rating scale. The scale
was devised in an effort to allow a human to quantify his subjective opinions of
the characteristics of a system in situations where an adjectival scale would be
inappropriate. The tracking task in both experiments was a compensatory one in
...
Continuously Informing Vibrotactile Displays in Support of Attention Management and Multitasking in Anesthesiology
Human Factors - Tập 53 Số 6 - Trang 600-611 - 2011
Objective: A novel vibrotactile display type was investigated to determine the
potential benefits for supporting the attention and task management of
anesthesiologists. Background: Recent research has shown physiological
monitoring and multitasking performance can benefit from displaying patient data
via alarm-like tactile notifications and via continuously informing auditory
displays (e.g., sonif...
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