Human Factors

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Stability Ball Versus Office Chair: Comparison of Muscle Activation and Lumbar Spine Posture During Prolonged Sitting
Human Factors - Tập 48 Số 1 - Trang 142-153 - 2006
Diane E. Gregory, Nadine M. Dunk, Jack P. Callaghan
Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the differences between sitting on a stability ball and in an office chair in terms of trunk muscle activation and lumbar spine posture. Background: Stability balls have become increasingly popular as an alternative to office chairs to help reduce the prevalence of low back pain; however, little research has been conducted on their use...... hiện toàn bộ
Individual Differences and the Perception of Traffic Signs
Human Factors - Tập 20 Số 1 - Trang 65-74 - 1978
Robert Loo
The study focused on the relationship between field dependence and the ability to perceive traffic signs in embedded and disembedded contexts as measured by verbal reaction times. Intercorrelations among the reaction times, personality measures, and driving record items were also tested. Twenty-eight females were blocked into four quartiles according to their score on the Group Embedded F...... hiện toàn bộ
Alcohol and Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff
Human Factors - Tập 21 Số 4 - Trang 433-443 - 1979
O. H. Rundell, Harold L. Williams
Performance on two auditory choice reaction time (RT) tasks was studied in a group of 12 subjects under the influence of graded doses of ethyl alcohol ranging from placebo to 1 g/kg body weight. Deadline procedures were employed in a side discrimination and a pitch discrimination task to permit the calculation of speed-accuracy tradeoff functions (accuracy versus RT). Accuracy declined as...... hiện toàn bộ
Individual Differences in Accident Liability: A Review and Integrative Approach
Human Factors - Tập 40 Số 4 - Trang 655-671 - 1998
Rebecca Lawton, Dianne Parker
This paper reviews research since 1970 on the relationship between accident liability and individual differences, focusing specifically on accidents at work. The history of research into accident liability and the methodological problems associated with the research are considered. The review goes on to examine work on the impact of personality factors, cognitive factors, and social facto...... hiện toàn bộ
A Model for Visual Memory Tasks
Human Factors - Tập 5 Số 1 - Trang 19-31 - 1963
George Sperling
A model for visual recall tasks was presented in terms of visual information storage (VIS), scanning, rehearsal, and auditory information storage (AIS). It was shown first that brief visual stimuli are stored in VIS in a form similar to the sensory input. These visual “images” contain considerably more information than is transmitted later. They can be sampled by scanning for items at hig...... hiện toàn bộ
Effect of Lead Use on Back and Shoulder Postural Muscle Activity in Healthy Young Adults
Human Factors - Tập 53 Số 6 - Trang 729-739 - 2011
Daniel D. Johnson, Anne E. Kirkpatrick, James A. Ashton‐Miller, Albert J. Shih
Objective: The primary goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that wearing the 3.7 kg vest portion of a radiological shielding garment (a “lead”) significantly increases lower back and shoulder muscle activity in quasistatic erect and forward-flexed postures. Secondarily, the authors examined the effects of gender and forward-flexed posture as well as their interactions with lead u...... hiện toàn bộ
Diurnal Variation, Task Characteristics, and Vigilance Performance
Human Factors - Tập 29 Số 6 - Trang 675-684 - 1987
Angus Craig, D. R. Davies, Stephen A. Matthews
Three experiments consider the effects of several task features along with the time of day when vigilance was tested. The first experiment found that detections on the Bakan task depended on event rate and signal frequency and that the adverse effects of lowering signal frequency were more marked in the afternoon than in the morning. The second experiment found that the typical sensitivit...... hiện toàn bộ
Evaluation of Pictorial Assembly Instructions for Young Children
Human Factors - Tập 50 Số 4 - Trang 652-662 - 2008
Cortney V. Martin, Tonya L. Smith‐Jackson
Objective: We examined the usability of common formats of pictorial toy assembly instructions for 6- and 9-year-old children. Background: Interlocking building toys and models are increasingly prevalent and important for developing spatial abilities and fine motor skills among children. Little is known about how effectively the intended child users can interpret and carry out the instruct...... hiện toàn bộ
Nonadjectival Rating Scales in Human Response Experiments
Human Factors - Tập 15 Số 3 - Trang 275-280 - 1973
Ronald A. Hess
Twenty-two subjects participated in two tracking experiments for the purpose of determining the utility of a nonordinal, nonadjectival rating scale. The scale was devised in an effort to allow a human to quantify his subjective opinions of the characteristics of a system in situations where an adjectival scale would be inappropriate. The tracking task in both experiments was a compensator...... hiện toàn bộ
Continuously Informing Vibrotactile Displays in Support of Attention Management and Multitasking in Anesthesiology
Human Factors - Tập 53 Số 6 - Trang 600-611 - 2011
Thomas K. Ferris, Nadine Sarter
Objective: A novel vibrotactile display type was investigated to determine the potential benefits for supporting the attention and task management of anesthesiologists. Background: Recent research has shown physiological monitoring and multitasking performance can benefit from displaying patient data via alarm-like tactile notifications and via continuously informing aud...... hiện toàn bộ
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