Food webs and river drainages are both hierarchical networks and complex
adaptive systems. How does living within the second affect the first?
Longitudinal gradients in productivity, disturbance regimes and habitat
structure down rivers have long interested ecologists, but their effects on food
web structure and dynamics are just beginning to be explored. Even less is known
about how network struc... hiện toàn bộ
David W. Lee, John O’Keefe, N. Michèle Holbrook, Taylor S. Feild
The leaves of woody plants at Harvard Forest in Central Massachusetts, USA,
changed color during senescence; 70% (62/89) of the woody species examined
anatomically contained anthocyanins during senescence. Anthocyanins were not
present in summer green leaves, and appeared primarily in the vacuoles of
palisade parenchyma cells. Yellow coloration was a result of the unmasking of
xanthophyll pigments... hiện toàn bộ
We investigated the patterns of soil nitrogen (N) and forest floor light
availability, forest structure and tree species distribution along a topographic
gradient on a 200‐m mountain slope in a cool‐temperate deciduous broad‐leaved
forest in Japan. Rates of soil N mineralization and nitrification decreased from
lower to upper slope positions, revealing that N availability decreased up the
slope. M... hiện toàn bộ
AbstractRegeneration traits of six co‐occurring Salix species were studied on a
floodplain of the Sorachi River, central Hokkaido, Japan, and their colonization
success and coexistence in a local habitat were discussed. Mixed Salix
communities contained six Salix species; dominant:S. sachalinensis; four
subordinates:S. rorida, S. pet‐susu, S. miyabeana and S. subfragilis; rare
species:S. jessoensi... hiện toàn bộ
AbstractSoil respiration was measured throughout the year (June 1992 to May
1993) in a mature, deciduous, broad‐leaved forest and an adjacent, clear‐felled
stand which was made in November 1991, in Hiroshima Prefecture, west Japan. The
same soil temperature and soil moisture content as those in the forest stand
were maintained in two frame boxes covered with sheets of white netting in the
clear‐fe... hiện toàn bộ
Luis O. Lucifora, Verónica B. García, Roberto Carlos Menni, Alicia H. Escalante, Natalia M. Hozbor
AbstractOntogenetic diet shifts are a widespread phenomenon among vertebrates,
although their relationships with life history traits are poorly known. We
analyzed the relative importance of body size, age and maturity stage as
determinants of the diet of a marine top predator, the copper shark,
Carcharhinus brachyurus, by examining stomach contents using a
multiple‐hypothesis modeling approach. Co... hiện toàn bộ
AbstractA one‐male group (BE‐Group) of proboscis monkeys was studied along the
Menanggul River, a tributary of the Kinabatangan River, Sabah, Malaysia, from
May 2005 to 2006. It has generally been assumed that proboscis monkeys only set
up their sleeping sites along the riverbank; however, when more than 1 m of
water covered the forest floor for more than 700 m inland from the riverbank
during the... hiện toàn bộ
We studied the autumn food habits of the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus)
from 1993 to 1997, based on 202 fecal samples in the Chichibu Mountains, central
Japan. Nuts occupied the highest proportions of autumn foods (59.9–85.8%
important values). Although the proportion of nuts of Quercus crispula, Fagus
crenata and Fagus japonica varied greatly between the years, acorns of
Q. crispula were m... hiện toàn bộ
R. Eugene Turner, Erick M. Swenson, Charles S. Milan, James M. Lee, Thomas Oswald
Twelve salt marshes in south Louisiana (USA) were classified as either
‘impaired’ or ‘healthy’ before a summer sample collection of above‐ and
below‐ground biomass and determination of sediment accretion rates. The
above‐ground biomass of plant tissues was the same at both impaired and healthy
salt marshes and was not a good predictor of marsh health. However, below‐ground
root biomass in the uppe... hiện toàn bộ
AbstractContemporary anthropogenic evolution is common. Biological invasions are
an especially dynamic form of novel selection. This paper considers how native
species evolve in response to biological invasions and the potential
consequences of such evolution. Among numerous recent cases, the most widely
reported instances are of phytophagous insects shifting onto introduced host
plants. For examp... hiện toàn bộ