Pseudoreplication is defined as the use of inferential statistics to test for treatment effects with data from experiments where either treatments are not replicated (though samples may be) or replicates are not statistically independent. In ANOVA terminology, it is the testing for treatment effects with an error term inappropriate to the hypothesis being considered. Scrutiny of 176 experi...... hiện toàn bộ
David U. Hooper, F. Stuart Chapin, John J. Ewel, Andy Hector, Pablo Inchausti, Sandra Lavorel, John H. Lawton, David M. Lodge, Michel Loreau, Karin Nadrowski, Bernhard Schmid, Heikki Setälä, Amy J. Symstad, John Vandermeer, David A. Wardle
Jean‐Dominique Lebreton, Kenneth P. Burnham, Jean Clobert, David R. Anderson
The understanding of the dynamics of animal populations and of related ecological and evolutionary issues frequently depends on a direct analysis of life history parameters. For instance, examination of trade—offs between reproduction and survival usually rely on individually marked animals, for which the exact time of death is most often unknown, because marked individuals cannot be follo...... hiện toàn bộ
Collards were grown at Ithaca, New York, in two experimental habitats: pure stands and single rows that were bounded on each side by diverse, meadow vegetation. The arthropods associated with these plants were sampled on 20 dates over a 3—year period. The status of the herbivore species was measured by their rank in biomass in each sample. The two most prominent species, Phyllotreta crucif...... hiện toàn bộ
An understanding of community structure should be based on evidence that the growth and regulation of the component populations in the community are affected in a predictable manner by natural physical disturbances and by interactions with other species in the community. This study presents an experimental evaluation of the effects of such disturbances and competitive interactions on popul...... hiện toàn bộ
ANOSIM, PERMANOVA, and the Mantel test are all resemblance‐based permutation methods widely used in ecology. Here, we report the results of the first simulation study, to our knowledge, specifically designed to examine the effects of heterogeneity of multivariate dispersions on the rejection rates of these tests and on a classical MANOVA test (Pillai's trace). Increasing differences in dis...... hiện toàn bộ
This paper tests the proposition that a small set of plant, animal, and abiotic processes structure ecosystems across scales in time and space. Earlier studies have suggested that these key structuring processes establish a small number of dominant temporal frequencies that entrain other processes. These frequencies often differ from each other by at least an order of magnitude. If true, e...... hiện toàn bộ