Drug and Alcohol Review
1465-3362
0959-5236
Mỹ
Cơ quản chủ quản: Wiley-Blackwell , WILEY
Lĩnh vực:
Health (social science)Medicine (miscellaneous)
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Thông tin về tạp chí
Drug and Alcohol Review is an international meeting ground for the views, expertise and experience of all those involved in studying alcohol, tobacco and drug problems. Contributors to the Journal examine and report on alcohol and drug use from a wide range of clinical, biomedical, epidemiological, psychological and sociological perspectives. Drug and Alcohol Review particularly encourages the submission of papers which have a harm reduction perspective. However, all philosophies will find a place in the Journal: the principal criterion for publication of papers is their quality.
Các bài báo tiêu biểu
Gender differences in the long‐term outcome of alcohol dependence treatments: An analysis of twenty‐year prospective follow up Abstract Introduction and Aims Women are underrepresented in long‐term studies of alcohol dependence. While gender differences in drinking behaviour have been observed when starting treatment, very few studies have investigated gender differences in long‐term drinking outcomes. This paper evaluates gender differences in the long‐term outcome of patients treated for alcohol dependence. Design and Methods A cohort of 850 outpatients (19% women, age 39 ± 9 years) treated for alcohol dependence in specialist centres of C atalonia (S pain) were followed up prospectively for 20 years. Covariance analysis was used to assess gender differences at 1, 5, 10 and 20 years in drinking behaviour, psychosocial stress and social functioning (A xes 4 and 5 of D iagnostic and S tatistical M anual of M ental D isorders, T hird E dition, R evised). We evaluated gender differences in drinking trajectories using a multilevel model controlling for basal differences. Results Women started treatment earlier in their drinking career, with more symptoms of dependence. In the first year they remained in treatment longer and had more clinic visits. Women presented lower alcohol consumption than men at baseline, 5 and 10 years, and similar levels of stress and psychosocial functioning. When basal alcohol consumption, length of treatment and employment were controlled, female gender predicted less drinking at year 1 and a drinking trajectory closer to abstinence between 1 and 20 years. Discussion and Conclusions Increased severity of alcohol dependence in women starting treatment was not associated with a worse prognosis. Women did better while under treatment and achieved a better long‐term drinking outcome. Gender differences were not relevant concerning psychosocial stress and social functioning. [Fabián Bravo, Antoni Gual, Anna Lligoña, Joan Colom. Gender differences in the long‐term outcome of alcohol dependence treatments: An analysis of twenty‐year prospective follow up. Drug Alcohol Rev 2013;32:381–388]
Tập 32 Số 4 - Trang 381-388 - 2013
‘Off your Face(book)’: Alcohol in online social identity construction and its relation to problem drinking in university students Abstract Introduction and Aims. Alcohol is a key component of identity exploration for many young people, yet few studies have investigated identity construction in relation to problematic drinking. Increases in youth alcohol consumption have coincided with expanding use of communications technologies, particularly social networking sites (SNS), which have altered traditional conditions of identity construction. It has been found young people often engage with alcohol in the SNS environment by portraying themselves as binge drinkers. The current study applied an innovative approach to identity construction (the photographic essay) to provide insight into the portrayal of ‘alcohol‐identity’ on Facebook. Design and Methods. One hundred and fifty‐eight university students completed a range of alcohol measures before providing access for researchers to view their Facebook profiles to operationalise their alcohol‐identity according to autophotographic methodology. Results. Participants utilised a variety of photographic and textual material to present alcohol as a component of their identity on Facebook, with over half having selected an alcohol‐related profile image. Alcohol‐identity predicted alcohol consumption and problematic alcohol‐related behaviours as measured by questionnaires used to reliably identify alcohol‐related problems in university students. Almost 60% reported potentially problematic alcohol use according to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test .Discussion and Conclusions. Findings suggest that portraying oneself as a drinker is considered by many young people to be a socially desirable component of identity in the SNS environment, perpetuating an online culture that normalises binge drinking. Ready‐made Facebook photo essays provide an alternate method of accessing problematic alcohol use, supplementing self‐report measures. [Ridout B, Campbell A, Ellis L. ‘Off your Face(book)’: Alcohol in online social identity construction and its relation to problem drinking in university students. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:20–26]
Tập 31 Số 1 - Trang 20-26 - 2012
Imaging stress‐ and cue‐induced drug and alcohol craving: association with relapse and clinical implications Abstract Stress‐ and drug‐related cues are major factors contributing to high rates of relapse in addictive disorders. Brain imaging studies have begun to identify neural correlates of stress and drug cue‐induced craving states. Findings indicate considerable overlap in neural circuits involved in processing stress and drug cues with activity in the corticostriatal limbic circuitry underlying both affective and reward processing. More recent efforts have begun to identify the relationships between neural activity during stress and drug cue exposure and drug relapse outcomes. Findings suggest medial prefrontal, anterior and posterior cingulate, striatal and posterior insula regions to be associated with relapse outcomes. Altered function in these brain regions is associated with stress‐induced and drug cue‐induced craving states and an increased susceptibility to relapse. Such alterations can serve as markers to identify relapse propensity and a more severe course of addiction. Efficacy of pharmacological and behavioral treatments that specifically target stress and cue‐induced craving and arousal responses may also be assessed via alterations in these brain correlates.
Tập 26 Số 1 - Trang 25-31 - 2007
Tobacco cessation in dental settings: research findings and future directions
Tập 25 Số 1 - Trang 27-37 - 2006
Cannabis use in adolescents: the impact of risk and protective factors and social functioning Abstract The study uses a school‐based sample to test the social and familial risk and protective factors relating to cannabis use. Based on a self‐completion survey of 2078 14–16‐year‐olds (mean age of 15 years) attending seven standard state‐run secondary schools in south London, an assessment was made of rates and risk factors for cannabis use. Twenty‐four per cent of the total sample had ever used cannabis, with 15% having done so in the month prior to assessment. In addition to greater likelihood of illicit drug use, lifetime cannabis users were less likely to spend time regularly with both their mothers and fathers, but more likely to spend free time with friends who smoked, drank alcohol and used illicit drugs, and with friends involved in criminal activities. Among those who had ever used cannabis, frequency of cannabis use was predicted (using linear regression) by two onset factors (earlier initiation of drinking and cannabis use were both linked to more frequent use) and two social factors (more time spent with drug‐using friends and less time spent with the mother). Overall, the study showed that early onset, itself predicted by social networks, is linked to more frequent use of cannabis and that this appears to be sustained by less time spent with parents and more with drug‐using peers.
Tập 24 Số 6 - Trang 483-488 - 2005
The injection of methadone and benzodiazepines among Sydney injecting drug users 1996–2000: 5‐year monitoring of trends from the Illicit Drug Reporting System Abstract Trends in the injection of methadone and benzodiazepines by injecting drug users (IDU) recruited in Sydney for the Illicit Drug Reporting System over the period 1996–2000 were examined. A total of 788 IDU were interviewed over the 5‐year period. The proportion of IDU reporting recent methadone injecting declined significantly over the study period, from a peak of 31% in 1997 to 13% in 2000. Unlike the injection of methadone, there was no significant difference between the proportions of IDU reporting recent benzodiazepine injecting over the study period, which ranged between 10% and 16%. A consistent minority (range 5–7%) of IDU reported having injected both methadone and benzodiazepines in all years of the study. There were no differences in the proportions of males and females reporting recent methadone or benzodiazepine injecting in any individual year. Both methadone and benzodiazepine injecting were independently associated with higher levels of injection‐related health problems. Given the substantial harms associated with these practices, continued monitoring of their prevalence is war ranted.
Tập 21 Số 1 - Trang 27-32 - 2002
Drug use patterns in the presence of crack in downtown Montréal Abstract Introduction and Aims. A study was undertaken to verify reports of an increasing presence of crack in downtown Montréal, and to investigate the influence of crack availability on current drug use patterns among street‐based cocaine users. Design and Methods. The study combined both qualitative and quantitative methods. These included long‐term intensive participant observation carried out by an ethnographer familiar with the field and a survey. The ethnographic component involved observations and unstructured interviews with 64 street‐based cocaine users. Sampling was based on a combination of snowballing and purposeful recruitment methods. For the survey, structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 387 cocaine users attending HIV/HCV prevention programs, downtown Montréal. Results. A gradual shift has occurred in the last 10 years, with the crack street market overtaking the powder cocaine street market. Although the data pointed to an increase in crack smoking, 54.5% of survey participants both smoked and injected cocaine. Drug market forces were major contributing factors to the observed modes of cocaine consumption. While the study focused primarily on cocaine users, it became apparent from the ethnographic fieldwork that prescription opioids (POs) were very present on the streets. According to the survey, 52.7% of participants consumed opioids, essentially POs, with 88% of them injecting these drugs. Discussion and Conclusions. Despite the increased availability of crack, injection is still present among cocaine users due at least in part to the concurrent increasing popularity of POs. [Roy E, Arruda N, Vaillancourt E, Boivin J‐F, Morissette C, Leclerc P, Alary M, Bourgois P. Drug use patterns in the presence of crack in downtown Montréal. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:72–80]
Tập 31 Số 1 - Trang 72-80 - 2012