Current Directions in Psychological Science

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Temperament, Development, and Personality
Current Directions in Psychological Science - Tập 16 Số 4 - Trang 207-212 - 2007
Mary K. Rothbart
Understanding temperament is central to our understanding of development, and temperament constructs are linked to individual differences in both personality and underlying neural function. In this article, I review findings on the structure of temperament, its relation to the Big Five traits of personality, and its links to development and psychopathology. In addition, I discuss the rela...... hiện toàn bộ
Activities and Programs That Improve Children’s Executive Functions
Current Directions in Psychological Science - Tập 21 Số 5 - Trang 335-341 - 2012
Adele Diamond
Executive functions (EFs; e.g., reasoning, working memory, and self-control) can be improved. Good news indeed, since EFs are critical for school and job success and for mental and physical health. Various activities appear to improve children’s EFs. The best evidence exists for computer-based training, traditional martial arts, and two school curricula. Weaker evidence, though strong eno...... hiện toàn bộ
The Role of Time in Elementary Associations
Current Directions in Psychological Science - Tập 2 Số 4 - Trang 106-111 - 1993
Ralph R. Miller, Robert C. Barnet
Computational Versus Associative Models of Simple Conditioning
Current Directions in Psychological Science - Tập 10 Số 4 - Trang 146-150 - 2001
C. R. Gallistel, John Gibbon
In associative models of simple conditioning, conductive connections (associations, Hebbian synapses) are strengthened by the repetitive temporal pairing of stimuli. The associations cause the animal to behave more adaptively, but they do not encode information about objectively specifiable properties of the conditioning experience. In information processing (computational) models, the te...... hiện toàn bộ
Social Acceptance and Rejection
Current Directions in Psychological Science - Tập 20 Số 4 - Trang 256-260 - 2011
C. Nathan DeWall, Brad J. Bushman
People have a fundamental need for positive and lasting relationships. In this article, we provide an overview of social psychological research on the topic of social acceptance and rejection. After defining these terms, we describe the need to belong and how it enabled early humans to fulfill their survival and reproductive goals. Next, we review research on the effects of social rejecti...... hiện toàn bộ
Effects of Size on Collision Perception and Implications for Perceptual Theory and Transportation Safety
Current Directions in Psychological Science - Tập 22 Số 3 - Trang 199-204 - 2013
Patricia R. DeLucia
People avoid collisions when they walk or drive, and they create collisions when they hit balls or tackle opponents. To do so, people rely on the perception of depth (perception of objects’ locations) and time-to-collision (perception of when a collision will occur), which are supported by different information sources. Depth cues, such as relative size, provide heuristics for relative de...... hiện toàn bộ
Culture and the Development of Self-Knowledge
Current Directions in Psychological Science - Tập 15 Số 4 - Trang 182-187 - 2006
Qi Wang
Although a great deal of work in the past decades has shown cultural variations in self-knowledge among adults, not until recently have researchers started to examine developmental processes and mechanisms that give rise to the variations. I discuss our research on the development of two kinds of self-knowledge: autobiographical memory and self-concept. Our findings indicate that children...... hiện toàn bộ
The Teenage Brain
Current Directions in Psychological Science - Tập 22 Số 2 - Trang 121-127 - 2013
Leah H. Somerville
Relative to childhood, peer relationships take on a heightened importance during adolescence. Might adolescents be highly attuned to information that concerns when and how they are being evaluated and what their peers think of them? This review evaluates how continuing brain development—which influences brain function—partially explains and reflects adolescents’ attunement to social evalu...... hiện toàn bộ
The Behavioral Immune System (and Why It Matters)
Current Directions in Psychological Science - Tập 20 Số 2 - Trang 99-103 - 2011
Mark Schaller, Justin H. Park
Like many other animals, human beings engage in behavioral defenses against infectious pathogens. The behavioral immune system consists of a suite of psychological mechanisms that (a) detect cues connoting the presence of infectious pathogens in the immediate environment, (b) trigger disease-relevant emotional and cognitive responses, and thus (c) facilitate behavioral avoidance of pathog...... hiện toàn bộ
Social Network Sites and Well-Being: The Role of Social Connection
Current Directions in Psychological Science - Tập 27 Số 1 - Trang 32-37 - 2018
Jenna Clark, Sara B. Algoe, Melanie C. Green
In the early days of the Internet, both conventional wisdom and scholarship deemed online communication a threat to well-being. Later research has complicated this picture, offering mixed evidence about how technology-mediated communication affects users. With the dawn of social network sites, this issue is more important than ever. A close examination of the extensive body of research on...... hiện toàn bộ
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