Computational Versus Associative Models of Simple Conditioning

Current Directions in Psychological Science - Tập 10 Số 4 - Trang 146-150 - 2001
C. R. Gallistel1, John Gibbon2
1Department of Psychology and the Center for Cognitive Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
2Division of Biopsychology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, and Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York

Tóm tắt

In associative models of simple conditioning, conductive connections (associations, Hebbian synapses) are strengthened by the repetitive temporal pairing of stimuli. The associations cause the animal to behave more adaptively, but they do not encode information about objectively specifiable properties of the conditioning experience. In information processing (computational) models, the temporal intervals in that experience are timed and the results recorded in memory for later use in computations that determine the decisions whether and when to respond to the conditioned stimulus. The predictions of these latter models depend on the ratios of remembered and currently experienced temporal intervals; hence, they are time-scale invariant. Two examples of empirical time-scale invariance are described: Neither the delay of reinforcement nor the ratio of reinforced to unreinforced presentations of the conditioned stimulus affects rates of acquisition and extinction. Time-scale invariance has far-reaching implications for models of the processes that underlie conditioning, for example, models of Hebbian synapses.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1146/annurev.ne.13.030190.002355

10.1037/0033-295X.107.2.289

10.1037/0097-7403.3.3.264

10.3758/BF03209729

10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60018-3

10.1126/science.275.5297.209

Rescorla R.A., 1972, Classical conditioning II: Current research and theory, 64

Sutton R.S., 1990, Learning and computational neuroscience: Foundations of adaptive networks, 497

10.1038/43432

Wagner A.R., 1981, Information processing in animals: Memory mechanisms, 5

Williams B.A., 1981, Behaviour Analysis Letters, 1, 73

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Current Directions in Psychological Science

Tập 10 Số 4

146-150

Thông tin tác giả