Denis A. Saunders, Richard J. Hobbs, Chris Margules
Abstract. Abstract Research on fragmented ecosystems has focused mostly on the
biogeograpbic consequences of the creation of habitat “islands” of different
sizes and has provided little of practical value to managers. However, ecosystem
fragmentation causes large changes in the physical environment as well as
biogeograpbic changes. Fragmentation generally results in a landscape that
consists of re... hiện toàn bộ
Abstract: Biodiversity is presently a minor consideration in environmental
policy. It has been regarded as too broad and vague a concept to be applied to
real‐world regulatory and management problems. This problem can be corrected if
biodiversity is recognized as an end in itself, and if measurable indicators can
be selected to assess the status of biodiversity over time. Biodiversity, as
presentl... hiện toàn bộ
Brian D. Richter, Jeffrey V. Baumgartner, Jennifer R. Powell, David P. Braun
Hydrologic regimes play a major role in determining the biotic composition,
structure, and function of aquatic, wetland, and riparian ecosystems. But human
land and water uses are substantially altering hydrologic regimes around the
world. Improved quantitative evaluations of human‐induced hydrologic changes are
needed to advance research on the biotic implications of hydrologic alteration
and to ... hiện toàn bộ
Abstract: Genetic diversity is one of the three forms of biodiversity recognized
by the World Conservation Union ( IUCN ) as deserving conservation. The need to
conserve genetic diversity within populations is based on two arguments: the
necessity of genetic diversity for evolution to occur, and the expected
relationship between heterozygosity and population fitness. Because loss of
genetic divers... hiện toàn bộ
As the human population grows and natural resources decline, there is pressure
to apply increasing levels of top‐down, command‐and‐control management to
natural resources. This is manifested in attempts to control ecosystems and in
socioeconomic institutions that respond to erratic or surprising ecosystem
behavior with more control. Command and control, however, usually results in
unforeseen conse... hiện toàn bộ
Abstract: Community‐based conservation (CBC) is based on the idea that if
conservation and development could be simultaneously achieved, then the
interests of both could be served. It has been controversial because community
development objectives are not necessarily consistent with conservation
objectives in a given case. I examined CBC from two angles. First, CBC can be
seen in the context of p... hiện toàn bộ
Abstract: The Cerrado is one of the world's biodiversity hotspots. In the last
35 years, more than 50% of its approximately 2 million km2 has been transformed
into pasture and agricultural lands planted in cash crops. The Cerrado has the
richest flora among the world's savannas (>7000 species) and high levels of
endemism. Species richness of birds, fishes, reptiles, amphibians, and insects
is equ... hiện toàn bộ
Abstract: A minimum necessary condition for sustainability is the maintenance of
the total natural capital stock at or above the current level. While a lower
stock of natural capital may be sustainable, society can allow no further
decline in natural capital given the large uncertainty and the dire consequences
of guessing wrong. This “constancy of total natural capital” rule can thus be
seen as a... hiện toàn bộ
Abstract: Habitat destruction and fragmentation are the root causes of many
conservation problems. We conducted a literature survey and canvassed the
ecological community to identify experimental studies of terrestrial habitat
fragmentation and to determine whether consistent themes were emerging from
these studies. Our survey revealed 20 fragmentation experiments worldwide. Most
studies focused o... hiện toàn bộ