Clinical Microbiology Reviews

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Global Dissemination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Serotype O3:K6 and Its Serovariants
Clinical Microbiology Reviews - Tập 20 Số 1 - Trang 39-48 - 2007
G. Balakrish Nair, Thandavarayan Ramamurthy, Sujit Bhattacharya, Basabjit Dutta, Yoshifumi Takeda, David A. Sack
SUMMARY Vibrio parahaemolyticus is recognized as a cause of food-borne gastroenteritis, particularly in the Far East, where raw seafood consumption is high. An unusual increase in admissions of V. parahaemolyticus cases was observed at the Infectious Diseases Hospital in Calcutta, a city in the northeastern part of India, beginning February 1996. Analysis of the strains revealed that a unique sero... hiện toàn bộ
Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents
Clinical Microbiology Reviews - Tập 12 Số 4 - Trang 564-582 - 1999
M. M. Cowan
SUMMARY The use of and search for drugs and dietary supplements derived from plants have accelerated in recent years. Ethnopharmacologists, botanists, microbiologists, and natural-products chemists are combing the Earth for phytochemicals and “leads” which could be developed for treatment of infectious diseases. While 25 to 50% of current pharmaceuticals are derived from plants, none are used as a... hiện toàn bộ
Innate Immunity toAspergillusSpecies
Clinical Microbiology Reviews - Tập 22 Số 4 - Trang 535-551 - 2009
Stacy J. Park, Borna Mehrad
SUMMARYAll humans are continuously exposed to inhaledAspergillusconidia, yet healthy hosts clear the organism without developing disease and without the development of antibody- or cell-mediated acquired immunity to this organism. This suggests that for most healthy humans, innate immunity is sufficient to clear the organism. A failure of these defenses results in a uniquely diverse set of illness... hiện toàn bộ
Pathogen Recognition and Inflammatory Signaling in Innate Immune Defenses
Clinical Microbiology Reviews - Tập 22 Số 2 - Trang 240-273 - 2009
Trine H. Mogensen
SUMMARYThe innate immune system constitutes the first line of defense against invading microbial pathogens and relies on a large family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which detect distinct evolutionarily conserved structures on pathogens, termed pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Among the PRRs, the Toll-like receptors have been studied most extensively. Upon PAMP engagement... hiện toàn bộ
Wound Microbiology and Associated Approaches to Wound Management
Clinical Microbiology Reviews - Tập 14 Số 2 - Trang 244-269 - 2001
Philip G. Bowler, B. I. Duerden, David G. Armstrong
SUMMARYThe majority of dermal wounds are colonized with aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms that originate predominantly from mucosal surfaces such as those of the oral cavity and gut. The role and significance of microorganisms in wound healing has been debated for many years. While some experts consider the microbial density to be critical in predicting wound healing and infection, others consi... hiện toàn bộ
Salmonella entericaSerotype Choleraesuis: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Disease, and Treatment
Clinical Microbiology Reviews - Tập 17 Số 2 - Trang 311-322 - 2004
Cheng‐Hsun Chiu, Lin‐Hui Su, Chishih Chu
SUMMARYNontyphoidSalmonellastrains are important causes of reportable food-borne infection. Among more than 2,000 serotypes,Salmonella entericaserotype Choleraesuis shows the highest predilection to cause systemic infections in humans. The most feared complication of serotype Cholearesuis bacteremia in adults is the development of mycotic aneurysm, which previously was almost uniformally fatal. Th... hiện toàn bộ
Recent Advances in Understanding Enteric Pathogenic Escherichia coli
Clinical Microbiology Reviews - Tập 26 Số 4 - Trang 822-880 - 2013
Matthew A. Croxen, Robyn J. Law, Roland W. Scholz, Kristie M. Keeney, Marta Wlodarska, B. Brett Finlay
SUMMARY Although Escherichia coli can be an innocuous resident of the gastrointestinal tract, it also has the pathogenic capacity to cause significant diarrheal and extraintestinal diseases. Pathogenic variants of E. coli (pathovars or pathotypes) cause much morbidity and mortality worldwide. Consequently, pathogenic E. coli is widely studied in humans, animals, food, and the environment. While th... hiện toàn bộ
Effects of Global Climate on Infectious Disease: the Cholera Model
Clinical Microbiology Reviews - Tập 15 Số 4 - Trang 757-770 - 2002
Erin K. Lipp, Anwar Huq, Rita R. Colwell
SUMMARY Recently, the role of the environment and climate in disease dynamics has become a subject of increasing interest to microbiologists, clinicians, epidemiologists, and ecologists. Much of the interest has been stimulated by the growing problems of antibiotic resistance among pathogens, emergence and/or reemergence of infectious diseases worldwide, the potential of bioterrorism, and the deba... hiện toàn bộ
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: an Emerging Global Opportunistic Pathogen
Clinical Microbiology Reviews - Tập 25 Số 1 - Trang 2-41 - 2012
Joanna S. Brooke
SUMMARYStenotrophomonas maltophiliais an emerging multidrug-resistant global opportunistic pathogen. The increasing incidence of nosocomial and community-acquiredS. maltophiliainfections is of particular concern for immunocompromised individuals, as this bacterial pathogen is associated with a significant fatality/case ratio.S. maltophiliais an environmental bacterium found in aqueous habitats, in... hiện toàn bộ
Clostridial enteric diseases of domestic animals
Clinical Microbiology Reviews - Tập 9 Số 2 - Trang 216-234 - 1996
J. Glenn Songer
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