This study examines beliefs about the ontological status of social categories,
asking whether their members are understood to share fixed, inhering essences or
natures. Forty social categories were rated on nine elements of essentialism.
These elements formed two independent dimensions, representing the degrees to
which categories are understood as natural kinds and as coherent entities with
inher... hiện toàn bộ
Progress in habit theory can be made by distinguishing habit from frequency of
occurrence, and using independent measures for these constructs. This
proposition was investigated in three studies using a longitudinal,
cross‐sectional and experimental design on eating, mental habits and word
processing, respectively. In Study 1, snacking habit and past snacking frequency
independently predicted late... hiện toàn bộ
This study uses integrated threat theory to examine Dutch adolescents’ (N
=1,187) prejudice towards Muslim minorities. One out of two participants was
found to have negative feelings towards Muslims. Perceived symbolic and
realistic threat and negative stereotypes were examined as mediators between
antecedent factors (in‐group identification, intergroup contact, and the
endorsement of multicultura... hiện toàn bộ
Following Moscovici (1972), this paper addresses the questions: What is the aim
of research within a social representations perspective? Is it to support or to
criticize the social order? Is it to consolidate or transform it? After a brief
overview of social representations theory, I argue that while the theory appears
to have the conceptual tools to begin this critical task, there are serious
cri... hiện toàn bộ
Gordon Allport (1954) proposed that belief in group essences is one aspect of
the prejudiced personality, alongside a rigid, dichotomous and
ambiguity‐intolerant cognitive style. We examined whether essentialist
beliefs—beliefs that a social category has a fixed, inherent, identity‐defining
nature—are indeed associated in this fashion with prejudice towards black
people, women and gay men. Allport... hiện toàn bộ
Sandy Bogaert, Christophe Boone, Carolyn H. Declerck
Social psychologists have long recognized that people fundamentally differ with
respect to their social value orientation (SVO), that is, self‐regarding versus
other regarding preferences, and that these differences affect cooperative
behaviour in situations of interdependence. In this paper, we systematically
review the vast number of findings on SVO and cooperation, and synthesize the
state of t... hiện toàn bộ
Self‐report correlational data support self‐determination theory's (SDT's)
postulate that there are three basic psychological needs, for autonomy,
competence, and relatedness, which combine additively to predict well‐being and
thriving. However, experimental research in the SDT tradition has focused only
on autonomy support, not relatedness and competence support. To fill this gap,
we employed a 2... hiện toàn bộ
Jeff Joireman, Terell P. Lasane, Jennifer Bennett, D.L. Richards, Salma Solaimani
This study integrates social value orientation (Messick & McClintock, 1968) and
the consideration of future consequences (CFC; Strathman, Gleicher, Boninger, &
Edwards, 1994) within the extended norm activation model of proenvironmental
behaviour (Stern, Dietz, & Kalof, 1993). A survey of college students (N=161)
revealed some preliminary support for the proposed model, using past and
intended inv... hiện toàn bộ
This research examined the role of habit and intention in the prediction of
future behaviour by analysing that past behaviour frequency moderates the
intention–behaviour relationship to the extent that the context in which the
behaviour was performed is stable. In two correlational studies, it was found
that habit interacted with intention when context stability was taken into
account and not when... hiện toàn bộ
Shalom H. Schwartz, Markku Verkasalo, Aaron Antonovsky, Lilach Sagiv
Associations of value priorities with socially desirable responding (SD) might
be due to a stylistic bias that distorts self‐reported value ratings or to a
substantive relationship between valued goals and needs. We hypothesize that, as
a stylistic bias, SD would increase (a) the importance people attribute to
values in general and (b) lead people to match own value ratings to those of
importance ... hiện toàn bộ