British Journal of Radiology
1748-880X
0007-1285
Anh Quốc
Cơ quản chủ quản: BRITISH INST RADIOLOGY , British Institute of Radiology
Lĩnh vực:
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and ImagingMedicine (miscellaneous)
Phân tích ảnh hưởng
Thông tin về tạp chí
BJR is the international research journal of the British Institute of Radiology and is the oldest scientific journal in the field of radiology and related sciences. Dating back to 1896, BJR’s history is radiology’s history, and the journal has featured some landmark papers such as the first description of CT "Computerized transverse axial tomography" by Godfrey Hounsfield in 1973. A valuable historical resource, the complete BJR archive has been digitized from 1896. BJR is an international, multi-disciplinary journal covering the clinical and technical aspects of medical imaging, radiotherapy, oncology, medical physics, radiobiology and the underpinning sciences. BJR is essential reading for radiologists, medical physicists, radiation oncologists, radiotherapists, radiographers and radiobiologists.
Các bài báo tiêu biểu
Bayesian penalised likelihood reconstruction (Q.Clear) of 18F-fluciclovine PET for imaging of recurrent prostate cancer: semi-quantitative and clinical evaluation
Objective:
18F-Fluciclovine (FACBC) is an amino acid PET radiotracer approved for recurrent prostate cancer imaging. We investigate the use of Bayesian penalised likelihood (BPL) reconstruction for 18F-fluciclovine PET.
Methods:
15 18F-fluciclovine scans were reconstructed using ordered subset expectation maximisation (OSEM), OSEM + point spread function (PSF) modelling and BPL using β-values 100–600. Lesion maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax), organ SUVmean and standard deviation were measured.
Deidentified reconstructions (OSEM, PSF, BPL using β200–600) from 10 cases were visually analysed by two readers who indicated their most and least preferred reconstructions, and scored overall image quality, noise level, background marrow image quality and lesion conspicuity.
Results:
Comparing BPL to OSEM, there were significant increments in lesion SUVmax and signal-to-background up to β400, with highest gain in β100 reconstructions (mean ΔSUVmax 3.9, p < 0.0001). Organ noise levels increased on PSF, β100 and β200 reconstructions. Across BPL reconstructions, there was incremental reduction in organ noise with increasing β, statistically significant beyond β300–500 (organ-dependent). Comparing with OSEM and PSF, lesion signal-to-noise was significantly increased in BPL reconstructions where β ≥ 300 and ≥ 200 respectively.
On visual analysis, β 300 had the first and second highest scores for image quality, β500 and β600 equal highest scores for marrow image quality and least noise, PSF and β 200 had first and second highest scores for lesion conspicuity. For overall preference, one reader preferred β 300 in 9/10 cases and the other preferred β 200 in all cases.
Conclusion:
BPL reconstruction of 18F-fluciclovine PET images improves signal-to-noise ratio, affirmed by overall reader preferences. On balance, β300 is suggested for 18F-fluciclovine whole body PET image reconstruction using BPL.
Advances in knowledge:
The optimum β is different to that previously published for 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, and has practical implications for a relatively new tracer in an environment with modern reconstruction technologies.
Tập 91 Số 1085 - 2018
Clinical evaluation of<sup>18</sup>F-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT using point spread function reconstruction for nodal staging of colorectal cancer
Tập 89 Số 1063 - Trang 20150938 - 2016
COPD identification and grading based on deep learning of lung parenchyma and bronchial wall in chest CT images Objective Chest CT can display the main pathogenic factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema and airway wall remodeling. This study aims to establish deep convolutional neural network (CNN) models using these two imaging markers to diagnose and grade COPD. Methods Subjects who underwent chest CT and pulmonary function test (PFT) from one hospital (n = 373) were retrospectively included as the training cohort, and subjects from another hospital (n = 226) were used as the external test cohort. According to the PFT results, all subjects were labeled as Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Grade 1, 2, 3, 4 or normal. Two DenseNet-201 CNNs were trained using CT images of lung parenchyma and bronchial wall to generate two corresponding confidence levels to indicate the possibility of COPD, then combined with logistic regression analysis. Quantitative CT was used for comparison. Results: In the test cohort, CNN achieved an area under the curve of 0.899 (95%CI: 0.853–0.935) to determine the existence of COPD, and an accuracy of 81.7% (76.2–86.7%), which was significantly higher than the accuracy 68.1% (61.6%–74.2%) using quantitative CT method (p < 0.05). For three-way (normal, GOLD 1–2, and GOLD 3–4) and five-way (normal, GOLD 1, 2, 3, and 4) classifications, CNN reached accuracies of 77.4 and 67.9%, respectively. Conclusion CNN can identify emphysema and airway wall remodeling on CT images to infer lung function and determine the existence and severity of COPD. It provides an alternative way to detect COPD using the extensively available chest CT. Advances in knowledge CNN can identify the main pathological changes of COPD (emphysema and airway wall remodeling) based on CT images, to infer lung function and determine the existence and severity of COPD. CNN reached an area under the curve of 0.853 to determine the existence of COPD in the external test cohort. The CNN approach provides an alternative and effective way for early detection of COPD using extensively used chest CT, as an important alternative to pulmonary function test.
Tập 95 Số 1133 - 2022
The Association of Achalasia of the Cardia with Œsophageal Carcinoma Abstract
A survey of the literature on œsophageal carcinoma subsequent to achalasia of the cardia has been made, and a case of our own has been described.
Tập 20 Số 240 - Trang 528-532 - 1947
Determination of mammographic breast density using a deep convolutional neural network
Objective:
High breast density is a risk factor for breast cancer. The aim of this study was to develop a deep convolutional neural network (dCNN) for the automatic classification of breast density based on the mammographic appearance of the tissue according to the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR BI-RADS) Atlas.
Methods:
In this study, 20,578 mammography single views from 5221 different patients (58.3 ± 11.5 years) were downloaded from the picture archiving and communications system of our institution and automatically sorted according to the ACR density (a-d) provided by the corresponding radiological reports. A dCNN with 11 convolutional layers and 3 fully connected layers was trained and validated on an augmented dataset. The model was finally tested on two different datasets against: i) the radiological reports and ii) the consensus decision of two human readers. None of the test datasets was part of the dataset used for the training and validation of the algorithm.
Results:
The optimal number of epochs was 91 for medio-lateral oblique (MLO) projections and 94 for cranio-caudal projections (CC), respectively. Accuracy for MLO projections obtained on the validation dataset was 90.9% (CC: 90.1%). Tested on the first test dataset of mammographies (850 MLO and 880 CC), the algorithm showed an accordance with the corresponding radiological reports of 71.7% for MLO and of 71.0% for CC. The agreement with the radiological reports improved in the differentiation between dense and fatty breast for both projections (MLO = 88.6% and CC = 89.9%). In the second test dataset of 200 mammographies, a good accordance was found between the consensus decision of the two readers on both, the MLO-model (92.2%) and the right craniocaudal-model (87.4%). In the differentiation between fatty (ACR A/B) and dense breasts (ACR C/D), the agreement reached 99% for the MLO and 96% for the CC projections, respectively.
Conclusions:
The dCNN allows for accurate classification of breast density based on the ACR BI-RADS system. The proposed technique may allow accurate, standardized, and observer independent breast density evaluation of mammographies.
Advances in knowledge:
Standardized classification of mammographies by a dCNN could lead to a reduction of falsely classified breast densities, thereby allowing for a more accurate breast cancer risk assessment for the individual patient and a more reliable decision, whether additional ultrasound is recommended.
Tập 92 Số 1093 - 2019
Paediatric medulloblastoma associated with poor prognosis and short volume doubling time
Tập 78 Số 935 - Trang 1059-1060 - 2005
Angiogenesis, neovascular proliferation and vascular pathophysiology as targets for cancer therapy A body of evidence that vascular-mediated damage occurs in murine tumours after many existing forms of anti-tumour therapy is rapidly accumulating (see Gray Conference Proceedings edited by Moore & West, 1991). Rapid conventional screens of cells in vitro or using leukaemias of lymphomas will not detect this mode of action and such screens will therefore miss effective agents. A change in the approach to experimental cancer therapy is needed to ensure that this important new avenue is fully investigated. Solid tumours will need to be studied and the importance of specific tumour cell biochemistry (e.g. on tissue factor procoagulant activity), of endothelial status and the immunocompetence of the host are all likely to be important. It is a subject of considerable debate at present whether transplanted subcutaneous mouse tumours are adequate models and whether they will reflect the response of spontaneous tumours, or even of transplants into other sites. Xenografts are not likely to be appropriate if the immuno-suppressed hosts lack the cells needed for the cytokine component of the pathway. The strategy of design and screening of new agents, for scheduling of existing agents and particularly the sequencing of adjunctive therapies are likely to be completely different for the “direct” tumour cell or “indirect” vascular-mediated approaches. It may eventually be appropriate to combine vascular manipulation with direct cytotoxicity aimed at malignant cells but the two mechanisms must be recognized as distinct entities and considered separately before attempting to coordinate them. It is important therefore to identify the “hallmarks” of vascular mediated injury and the means by which this can be distinguished from direct cell kill. These may be detectable in the tumour response but clues can also be gained from the side effects that are seen in normal tissues both with existing and with novel therapies (Figure 7). The appeal of vascular-mediated ischaemic therapy is that it is systemic and will have the potential of being effective on any tumour with a newly evoked vascular network, i.e. of about 1 mm in diameter, but it will be even more effective on large tumours than on small. Thus it should affect both large primary tumours and disseminated small metastases. The studies with many different anti-cancer agents have illustrated the potential complexity of responses that can appear to cause tumour cell death by collapse or occlusion of the blood supply. They have also focused attention on features of disparate agents, e.g. TNF, FAA, PDT, which may share similar pathways. No single feature of neovasculature can be high-lighted as the sole route by which such antivascular therapy should be targeted. Rapid proliferation of the endothelial cells may prove to be a target, but it also influences differentiation characteristics, so that the immature cells will function abnormally. The permeability of these poorly formed vessels may lead to extravasation of proteins leading to increased interstitial pressures and by this means to an imbalance between intravascular and extravascular pressures and hence to collapse of the thin-walled vessels. Changes in systemic blood pressure, cardiac output, viscosity or coagulation and especially a redistribution of regional perfusion would all have differential effects in tumours and normal vessels. Clearly both vascular patho-physiology and the complexity of endothelial cell function and its imbalance in neovasculature will be important in understanding the mechanism of action of antivascular strategies. This very challenging boundary between oncology and a number of other medical and biological fields promises to lead to altered attitudes to existing therapies and the discovery of completely new classes of anti-cancer agents. The next decade should translate into clinical benefit for patients if the progress in this field continues to be as rapid as it has been in the late eighties. We must now determine what characteristics make one tumour more sensitive than another to agents such as heat, PDT, cytokines and FAA, and learn how to extrapolate from those rodent tumours to the human.
Tập 66 Số 783 - Trang 181-196 - 1993
Renal neoplasms in a family Malignant tumours of the kidney are uncommon, renal cell carcinoma, the adult variety, accounting for 2% of all adult malignancies, whilst nephroblastoma, an enbryonic tumour of childhood, affects one per 200 000 children per year under the age of 15 years and constitutes 7% of childhood neoplasms (Bullimore & Mott, 1982). Both of these tumours occur in sporadic and hereditary forms. We report a family in which the mother had renal cell carcinoma and her son nephroblastoma. This has only been reported once before (Campbell et al, 1987).
In January 1975, a previously healthy 4-year-old boy presented with right-sided abdominal swelling. He had one healthy brother aged 9 months. Family history was otherwise unremarkable. Physical examination revealed a large abdominal mass. No other abnormalities were detected.
Tập 62 Số 733 - Trang 83-84 - 1989