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Biology and Fertility of Soils

  1432-0789

 

 

Cơ quản chủ quản:  SPRINGER , Springer Verlag

Lĩnh vực:
Soil ScienceAgronomy and Crop ScienceMicrobiology

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Các bài báo tiêu biểu

Distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spores in soils of smallholder agroforestry and monocultural coffee systems in southwestern Ethiopia
Tập 44 - Trang 653-659 - 2007
Diriba Muleta, Fassil Assefa, Sileshi Nemomissa, Ulf Granhall
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are associated with the root system of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plants, but their distribution in smallholder agroforestry and monocultural coffee systems is not well known. This study investigates the spatial distribution of AMF spores in a field study in southwestern Ethiopia. Soil samples from different depths (0–50 cm) were collected under the tree canopies of Acacia abyssinica, Albizia gummifera, Ficus sur, Ficus vasta and randomly selected unshaded coffee plants at different sampling points (canopy base, radius, edge and outside canopy). Significantly higher AMF spore densities were recorded at canopy bases and at 0–30 cm soil depth. Spore populations were found to belong to five genera: Acaulospora, Entrophospora, Glomus, Gigaspora and Scutellospora, with Glomus and Acaulospora dominating. Sampling points, sites and depths, shade tree species and shade tree/coffee plant age affected AMF spore density. Agroforestry practices including the use of leguminous shade trees effectively maintained AMF numbers in soils even at depth compared with unshaded coffee plants (monocultures).
De-coupling of root–microbiome associations followed by antagonist inoculation improves rhizosphere soil suppressiveness
Tập 50 - Trang 217-224 - 2013
Meihua Qiu, Shuqing Li, Xuan Zhou, Xiaoshuang Cui, Jorge M. Vivanco, Nan Zhang, Qirong Shen, Ruifu Zhang
It was hypothesized that disruption of the root–microbiome association creates empty rhizosphere niches that could be filled by both soilborne pathogens and beneficial microbes. The effect of de-coupling root–microbiome associations related to improve soil suppressiveness was investigated in cucumber using the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cucumerinum (FOC) and its antagonist Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 (SQR9) system. The root–soil microbiome association of cucumber was disrupted by applying the fungicide carbendazim to the soil, and then FOC or/and its antagonist SQR9 were inoculated in the rhizosphere. In the fungicide treatment, the FOC wilt disease incidence was significantly increased by 13.3 % on average compared to the FOC treatment without fungicide. However, when the fungicide treatment was applied to the soil with SQR9 and FOC, the SQR9 effectively reduced the disease incidence, and improved cucumber plant growth compared to a no fungicide control. These results indicate that de-coupling of root–microbiome associations followed by antagonist inoculation can improve rhizosphere soil suppressiveness, which may help to develop strategies for efficient application of rhizosphere beneficial microbes in agriculture.
Methods for the introduction of bacteria into soil: A review
Tập 10 - Trang 127-133 - 1990
J. D. van Elsas, C. E. Heijnen
Literature on the use of microbial inoculants to increase crop yields, to control soil-borne plant diseases, or to degrade pollutants has been reviewed. Established inoculant technology based on Rhizobium/peat inoculants has been summarized. Special emphasis has been placed on the use of carrier materials for the delivery of microbial inoculants. Some new developments, e.g., the use of synthetic carriers, have been highlighted. The fact that not only inoculant survival in carrier materials should be studied, but also the ecological consequences of the introduction of bacteria, has been stressed.
Effects of the nitrification inhibitor DMPP (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) on gross N transformation rates and N2O emissions
Tập 55 - Trang 603-615 - 2019
Gaodi Zhu, Xiaotang Ju, Jinbo Zhang, Christoph Müller, Robert M Rees, Rachel E. Thorman, Roger Sylvester-Bradley
Many studies have shown the efficiency of the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) in suppressing nitrification and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. However, the effect of DMPP on soil gross nitrogen transformations and the mechanism of its inhibitory effects on N2O production pathways remain unknown. A 15N tracing experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of DMPP on gross N transformation rates and pathways of N2O production in two typical Chinese and UK agricultural soils. The soils differed in organic carbon (C) and clay content but otherwise had similar properties. The results showed that the application of DMPP decreased the gross autotrophic nitrification rate (p < 0.05) by 21.6% in the Chinese soil and 9.4% in the UK soil. The lower inhibitory efficiency of DMPP in the UK soil was likely to have been due to high rates of adsorption by soil organic C and clay. The total gross rate of mineralization was lower in the presence of DMPP in both soils, likely because there was a regulatory feedback when ammonium concentrations were high. DMPP also significantly reduced cumulative N2O emissions (p < 0.05) in both soils (by between 15.8 and 68.4%), which might be attributed to the dual inhibitory effect of the DMPP on autotrophic nitrification rate and the proportion of N2O produced by autotrophic nitrification processes. This finding will help to predict the sites where DMPP is likely to be most effective and allow the user to target DMPP application to soils with particular properties.
Increasing livestock wastewater application in alternate-furrow irrigation reduces nitrification gene abundance but not nitrification rate in rhizosphere
Tập 55 Số 5 - Trang 439-455 - 2019
Yuan Liu, Andrew L. Neal, Xiaoxian Zhang, Erping Cui, Feng Gao, Xiucai Fan, Chao Hu, Zhongyang Li
Effects of crabs on greenhouse gas emissions, soil nutrients, and stoichiometry in a subtropical estuarine wetland
Tập 57 Số 1 - Trang 131-144 - 2021
Xiaoxuan Chen, Martin Wiesmeier, Jordi Sardans, Lukas Van Zwieten, Yunying Fang, Albert Gargallo‐Garriga, Youyang Chen, Chen Shu-yun, Chen Zeng, Josep Peñuelas, Weiqi Wang
Nitrous oxide emissions are greater in silt loam soils with a legacy of manure application than without
Tập 49 - Trang 1123-1129 - 2013
Christopher J. Graham, Harold M. van Es, Jeffrey J. Melkonian
Soil carbon (C) content, often found at elevated levels in manured soils, can play a critical role in regulating nitrous oxide emissions. Nitrate availability and oxygen status are the other primary drivers of emissions, yet the interaction of these three variables and the dynamics of the denitrification process are inadequately known. Emissions of N2O and N2 were measured from two New York State soils that were historically managed either with regular cattle manure applications (M) or without manure (NM). For 168 h, repacked soil cores were maintained at 80 % water-filled pore space after the application of 0, 50, 100, and 200 kg ha−1 of labeled K15NO3. Significant differences were found in the N2O emission profiles between the two treatments with a simultaneous increasing trend in emissions with higher fertilizer applications. The M soil produced 53-, 15.5-, and 8.6-fold increases in N2O emissions over the NM soil at the 50-, 100-, and 200-kg ha−1 N rates, respectively. Additionally, the mean ratio of nitrous oxide to total denitrification (N2O/(N2O + N2)) was higher for M soil. It increased to values of 0.17, 0.25, and 0.43 for fertilizer rates of 50, 100, and 200 kg ha−1, respectively, in contrast to ratios in the NM soil of 0.01, 0.03, and 0.14.
The short-term cover crops increase soil labile organic carbon in southeastern Australia
- 2012
Xiaoqi Zhou, Chengrong Chen, Shouxiang Lu, Yichao Rui, Hanwen Wu, Zhihong Xu