The production of ROS (reactive oxygen species) by mammalian mitochondria is
important because it underlies oxidative damage in many pathologies and
contributes to retrograde redox signalling from the organelle to the cytosol and
nucleus. Superoxide (O2•−) is the proximal mitochondrial ROS, and in the present
review I outline the principles that govern O2•− production within the matrix of
mammalia... hiện toàn bộ
Apoptosis is a major form of cell death, characterized initially by a series of
stereotypic morphological changes. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the
gene ced-3 encodes a protein required for developmental cell death. Since the
recognition that CED-3 has sequence identity with the mammalian cysteine
protease interleukin-1β-converting enzyme (ICE), a family of at least 10 related
cysteine ... hiện toàn bộ
1. A new method is described for labelling proteins to high specific
radioactivities with 125I. The protein is treated with a 125I-labelled acylating
agent, iodinated 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester,
which reacts with free amino groups in the protein molecule to attach the
125I-labelled groups by amide bonds. 2. Three protein hormones have been
labelled by this method,... hiện toàn bộ
The amino acid sequences of 301 glycosyl hydrolases and related enzymes have
been compared. A total of 291 sequences corresponding to 39 EC entries could be
classified into 35 families. Only ten sequences (less than 5% of the sample)
could not be assigned to any family. With the sequences available for this
analysis, 18 families were found to be monospecific (containing only one EC
number) and 17 ... hiện toàn bộ
Peter C. Heinrich, Iris Behrmann, Elisabeth Letellier, Heike M. Hermanns, Gerhard Müller‐Newen, Fred Schaper
Các cytokine loại IL-6 bao gồm IL-6, IL-11, LIF (yếu tố ức chế bạch cầu), OSM
(oncostatin M), yếu tố dưỡng thần kinh mi, cardiotrophin-1 và cytokine giống
cardiotrophin là một họ quan trọng của các chất trung gian tham gia điều hòa
phản ứng cấp tính đối với tổn thương và nhiễm trùng. Bên cạnh chức năng của
chúng trong viêm và đáp ứng miễn dịch, những cytokine này cũng đóng một vai trò
quan trọng t... hiện toàn bộ
Annemieke J.M. de Ruijter, Albert H. Gennip, Huib N. Caron, Stephan Kemp, André B. P. Kuilenburg
Transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes occurs within a chromatin setting, and
is strongly influenced by the post-translational modification of histones, the
building blocks of chromatin, such as methylation, phosphorylation and
acetylation. Acetylation is probably the best understood of these modifications:
hyperacetylation leads to an increase in the expression of particular genes, and
hypoacet... hiện toàn bộ
Arginine is one of the most versatile amino acids in animal cells, serving as a
precursor for the synthesis not only of proteins but also of nitric oxide, urea,
polyamines, proline, glutamate, creatine and agmatine. Of the enzymes that
catalyse rate-controlling steps in arginine synthesis and catabolism,
argininosuccinate synthase, the two arginase isoenzymes, the three nitric oxide
synthase isoen... hiện toàn bộ