Annual Review of Sociology

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Social Stress: Theory and Research
Annual Review of Sociology - Tập 18 Số 1 - Trang 15-38 - 1992
Carol S. Aneshensel
This chapter differentiates the stressful consequences of social organization from the stressful antecedents of psychological disorder. The pivotal distinction concerns whether the occurrence of stressors is viewed as socially determined, or as independent of social placement. Recent research is evaluated concerning both the social distribution of stress and social variation in response t...... hiện toàn bộ
Three Fragments From a Sociologist's Notebooks: Establishing the Phenomenon, Specified Ignorance, and Strategic Research Materials
Annual Review of Sociology - Tập 13 Số 1 - Trang 1-29 - 1987
Robert Κ. Merton
This occasionally biographical paper deals with three cognitive and social patterns in the practice of science (not 'the scientific method’). The first, “establishing the phenomenon,” involves the doctrine (universally accepted in the abstract) that phenomena should of course be shown to exist or to occur before one explains why they exist or how they come to be; sources of departure in p...... hiện toàn bộ
Sociological Rational Choice Theory
Annual Review of Sociology - Tập 23 Số 1 - Trang 191-214 - 1997
Michael Hechter, Satoshi Kanazawa
Although rational choice theory has made considerable advances in other social sciences, its progress in sociology has been limited. Some sociologists' reservations about rational choice arise from a misunderstanding of the theory. The first part of this essay therefore introduces rational choice as a general theoretical perspective, or family of theories, which explains social outcomes by...... hiện toàn bộ
Computer Networks as Social Networks: Collaborative Work, Telework, and Virtual Community
Annual Review of Sociology - Tập 22 Số 1 - Trang 213-238 - 1996
Barry Wellman, Janet W. Salaff, Dimitrina Dimitrova, Laura Garton, Milena Gulia, Caroline Haythornthwaite
When computer networks link people as well as machines, they become social networks. Such computer-supported social networks (CSSNs) are becoming important bases of virtual communities, computer-supported cooperative work, and telework. Computer-mediated communication such as electronic mail and computerized conferencing is usually text-based and asynchronous. It has limited social presenc...... hiện toàn bộ
Organizational Learning
Annual Review of Sociology - Tập 14 Số 1 - Trang 319-338 - 1988
Barbara Levitt, James G. March
This paper reviews the literature on organizational learning. Organizational learning is viewed as routine-based, history-dependent, and target-oriented. Organizations are seen as learning by encoding inferences from history into routines that guide behavior. Within this perspective on organizational learning, topics covered include how organizations learn from direct experience, how orga...... hiện toàn bộ
Double Standards for Competence: Theory and Research
Annual Review of Sociology - Tập 26 Số 1 - Trang 21-42 - 2000
Martha Foschi
This article reviews theory and research on double standards, namely, the use of different requirements for the inference of possession of an attribute, depending on the individuals being assessed. The article focuses on double standards for competence in task groups and begins by examining how status characteristics (e.g. gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic class) become a basis for stricte...... hiện toàn bộ
From Factors to Actors: Computational Sociology and Agent-Based Modeling
Annual Review of Sociology - Tập 28 Số 1 - Trang 143-166 - 2002
Michael W. Macy, Robert Willer
▪ Abstract  Sociologists often model social processes as interactions among variables. We review an alternative approach that models social life as interactions among adaptive agents who influence one another in response to the influence they receive. These agent-based models (ABMs) show how simple and predictable local interactions can generate familiar but enigmatic global patterns, suc...... hiện toàn bộ
Assessing “Neighborhood Effects”: Social Processes and New Directions in Research
Annual Review of Sociology - Tập 28 Số 1 - Trang 443-478 - 2002
Robert J. Sampson, Jeffrey D. Morenoff, Thomas Gannon-Rowley
▪ Abstract  This paper assesses and synthesizes the cumulative results of a new “neighborhood-effects” literature that examines social processes related to problem behaviors and health-related outcomes. Our review identified over 40 relevant studies published in peer-reviewed journals from the mid-1990s to 2001, the take-off point for an increasing level of interest in neighborhood effect...... hiện toàn bộ
Rural America in an Urban Society: Changing Spatial and Social Boundaries
Annual Review of Sociology - Tập 37 Số 1 - Trang 565-592 - 2011
Daniel T. Lichter, David L. Brown
This review outlines several key aspects of the new rural-urban interface and the growing interpenetration of American rural and urban life. The historical coincidence of spatial and social boundaries in America is changing rapidly. This review highlights (a) the enormous scale of rural-urban interdependence and boundary crossing, shifting, and blurring—along many dimensions of community l...... hiện toàn bộ
Critical Theory, Poststructuralism, Postmodernism: Their Sociological Relevance
Annual Review of Sociology - Tập 17 Số 1 - Trang 105-131 - 1991
Ben Agger
This article examines the main theoretical contributions of critical theory, poststructuralism and postmodernism. It is argued that these three theories offer related perspectives on the shortcomings of positivism as well as new ways to theorize and study contemporary societies. Empirical and conceptual applications of these perspectives in sociological research are discussed. Some of the...... hiện toàn bộ
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