Annual Review of Entomology
0066-4170
1545-4487
Mỹ
Cơ quản chủ quản: ANNUAL REVIEWS , Annual Reviews Inc.
Lĩnh vực:
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and SystematicsInsect Science
Phân tích ảnh hưởng
Thông tin về tạp chí
The Annual Review of Entomology, in publication since 1956, reviews significant developments in the field of entomology, including biochemistry and physiology, morphology and development, behavior and neuroscience, ecology, agricultural entomology and pest management, biological control, forest entomology, acarines and other arthropods, medical and veterinary entomology, pathology, vectors of plant disease, genetics, genomics, and systematics, evolution, and biogeography.
Các bài báo tiêu biểu
Death Valley,<i>Drosophila</i>, and the Devonian Toolkit Most experiments on the flight behavior of Drosophila melanogaster have been performed within confined laboratory chambers, yet the natural history of these animals involves dispersal that takes place on a much larger spatial scale. Thirty years ago, a group of population geneticists performed a series of mark-and-recapture experiments on Drosophila flies, which demonstrated that even cosmopolitan species are capable of covering 10 km of open desert, probably in just a few hours and without the possibility of feeding along the way. In this review I revisit these fascinating and informative experiments and attempt to explain how—from takeoff to landing—the flies might have made these journeys based on our current knowledge of flight behavior. This exercise provides insight into how animals generate long behavioral sequences using sensory-motor modules that may have an ancient evolutionary origin.
Tập 59 Số 1 - Trang 51-72 - 2014
PARASITES AND PATHOGENS OF MITES ▪ Abstract Mites are an ancient group of arachnids that have had some 400 million years to adapt to a variety of conditions on Earth. Microorganisms have had the same amount of time to form symbiotic relationships with mites, with results ranging from phoresy to parasitism. This review covers the still fragmentary information on the groups of parasites and pathogens that are associated with mites. The known mite-associated bacteria, rickettsiae, fungi, Protozoa, viruses, and nematodes represent the tip of the iceberg, and few details of their host-parasite relationships have been recorded. Mites offer an opportunity to investigate new pathogens and new types of associations. Pathogens can be a boon when they affect mites that are detrimental to crops, livestock, or ourselves, and the diseases they cause probably play an important role in controlling mites, at least under certain conditions. However, pathogens can also cause crop failure and economic loss when they occur in biological control agents of pests.
Tập 43 Số 1 - Trang 449-469 - 1998
Cyclodiene Insecticide Resistance: From Molecular to Population Genetics ▪ Abstract This review follows progress in the analysis of cyclodiene insecticide resistance from the initial isolation of the mutant, through cloning of the resistance gene, to an examination of the distribution of resistance alleles in natural populations. Emphasis is given to the use of a resistant Drosophila mutant as an entry point to cloning the associated γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor subunit gene, Resistance to dieldrin. Resistance is associated with replacements of a single amino acid (alanine302) in the chloride ion channel pore of the protein. Replacements of alanine302 not only directly affect the drug binding site but also allosterically destabilize the drug preferred conformation of the receptor. Resistance is thus conferred by a unique dual mechanism associated with alanine302, which is the only residue replaced in a wide range of different resistant insects. The underlying mutations appear either to have arisen once, or multiply, depending on the population biology of the pest insect. Although resistance frequencies decline in the absence of selection, resistance alleles can persist at relatively high frequency and may cause problems for compounds to which cross-resistance is observed, such as the novel fipronils.
Tập 45 Số 1 - Trang 449-466 - 2000
Current Status of the Myriapod Class Diplopoda (Millipedes): Taxonomic Diversity and Phylogeny The arthropod class Diplopoda, the millipedes, ranks among the most diverse groups of terrestrial organisms, with over 12,000 species described. Although they play an important ecological role in most terrestrial ecosystems, little is known about the group's diversity, morphology, and phylogeny compared with other arthropod groups. We review diplopod natural history and discuss the historical and current literature pertaining to millipede morphology, ecology, chemical defenses, and the paleontological record of the group's ancient history. Diplopod systematics, past and present, are reviewed with a focus on taxonomy, collections, and biogeography. The phylogenetics of the class is reviewed, with particular attention on diplopod placement within the Myriapoda and emphasis on recent advances using molecular approaches to phylogenetic reconstruction. We present (a) the first combined morphological and molecular analysis of the millipede orders, and (b) a list of critically evaluated characteristics of nominal clades identifying putative apomorphies.
Tập 52 Số 1 - Trang 401-420 - 2007
Potential of Insects as Food and Feed in Assuring Food Security With a growing world population and increasingly demanding consumers, the production of sufficient protein from livestock, poultry, and fish represents a serious challenge for the future. Approximately 1,900 insect species are eaten worldwide, mainly in developing countries. They constitute quality food and feed, have high feed conversion ratios, and emit low levels of greenhouse gases. Some insect species can be grown on organic side streams, reducing environmental contamination and transforming waste into high-protein feed that can replace increasingly more expensive compound feed ingredients, such as fish meal. This requires the development of cost-effective, automated mass-rearing facilities that provide a reliable, stable, and safe product. In the tropics, sustainable harvesting needs to be assured and rearing practices promoted, and in general, the food resource needs to be revalorized. In the Western world, consumer acceptability will relate to pricing, perceived environmental benefits, and the development of tasty insect-derived protein products.
Tập 58 Số 1 - Trang 563-583 - 2013
Ecology of <i>Varroa destructor</i>, the Major Ectoparasite of the Western Honey Bee, <i>Apis mellifera</i> Varroa destructor is the most important ectoparasite of Apis mellifera. This review addresses the interactions between the varroa mite, its environment, and the honey bee host, mediated by an impressive number of cues and signals, including semiochemicals regulating crucial steps of the mite's life cycle. Although mechanical stimuli, temperature, and humidity play an important role, chemical communication is the most important channel. Kairomones are used at all stages of the mite's life cycle, and the exploitation of bees' brood pheromones is particularly significant given these compounds function as primer and releaser signals that regulate the social organization of the honey bee colony. V. destructor is a major problem for apiculture, and the search for novel control methods is an essential task for researchers. A detailed study of the ecological interactions of V. destructor is a prerequisite for creating strategies to sustainably manage the parasite.
Tập 61 Số 1 - Trang 417-432 - 2016
Can Generalist Predators be Effective Biocontrol Agents? ▪ Abstract Theoretical developments are helping us to comprehend the basic parameters governing the dynamics of the interactions between generalist predators and their many pest and nonpest prey. In practice, however, inter- and intraspecific interactions between generalist predators, and between the predators and their prey, within multispecies systems under the influence of rapidly changing biotic and abiotic variables are difficult to predict. We discuss trade-offs between the relative merits of specialists and generalists that allow both to be effective, and often complementary, under different circumstances. A review of manipulative field studies showed that in ∼75% of cases, generalist predators, whether single species or species assemblages, reduced pest numbers significantly. Techniques for manipulating predator numbers to enhance pest control at different scales are discussed. We now need to find ways of disentangling the factors influencing positive and negative interactions within natural enemy communities in order to optimize beneficial synergies leading to pest control.
Tập 47 Số 1 - Trang 561-594 - 2002
Urticating Hairs in Arthropods: Their Nature and Medical Significance The ecological phenomenon of arthropods with defensive hairs is widespread. These urticating hairs can be divided into three categories: true setae, which are detachable hairs in Lepidoptera and in New World tarantula spiders; modified setae, which are stiff hairs in lepidopteran larvae; and spines, which are complex and secretion-filled structures in lepidopteran larvae. This review focuses on the true setae because their high density on a large number of common arthropod species has great implications for human and animal health. Morphology and function, interactions with human tissues, epidemiology, and medical impact, including inflammation and allergy in relation to true setae, are addressed. Because data from epidemiological and other clinical studies are ambiguous with regard to frequencies of setae-caused allergic reactions, other mechanisms for setae-mediated disease are suggested. Finally, we briefly discuss current evidence for the adaptive and ecological significance of true setae.
Tập 56 Số 1 - Trang 203-220 - 2011
Non-Bee Insects as Visitors and Pollinators of Crops: Biology, Ecology, and Management Insects other than bees (i.e., non-bees) have been acknowledged as important crop pollinators, but our understanding of which crop plants they visit and how effective they are as crop pollinators is limited. To compare visitation and efficiency of crop-pollinating bees and non-bees at a global scale, we review the literature published from 1950 to 2018 concerning the visitors and pollinators of 105 global food crops that are known to benefit from animal pollinators. Of the 105 animal-pollinated crops, a significant proportion are visited by both bee and non-bee taxa ( n = 82; 77%), with a total gross domestic product (GDP) value of US$780.8 billion. For crops with a narrower range of visitors, those that favor non-bees ( n = 8) have a value of US$1.2 billion, compared to those that favor bees ( n = 15), with a value of US$19.0 billion. Limited pollinator efficiency data were available for one or more taxa in only half of the crops ( n = 61; 58%). Among the non-bees, some families were recorded visiting a wide range of crops (>12), including six families of flies (Syrphidae, Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Sarcophagidae, Tachinidae, and Bombyliidae), two beetle families (Coccinelidae and Nitidulidae), ants (Formicidae), wasps (Vespidae), and four families of moths and butterflies (Hesperiidae, Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, and Pieridae). Among the non-bees, taxa within the dipteran families Syrphidae and Calliphoridae were the most common visitors to the most crops, but this may be an artifact of the limited data available. The diversity of species and life histories in these groups of lesser-known pollinators indicates that diet, larval requirements, and other reproductive needs will require alternative habitat management practices to bees.
Tập 65 Số 1 - Trang 391-407 - 2020