Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics
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Diversification of Neotropical Freshwater Fishes
Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics - Tập 51 Số 1 - Trang 27-53 - 2020
Neotropical freshwater fishes (NFFs) constitute the most diverse continental
vertebrate fauna on Earth, with more than 6,200 named species compressed into an
aquatic footprint <0.5% of the total regional land-surface area and representing
the greatest phenotypic disparity and functional diversity of any continental
ichthyofauna. Data from the fossil record and time-calibrated molecular
phylogenies...
Shade Tolerance, a Key Plant Feature of Complex Nature and Consequences
Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics - Tập 39 Số 1 - Trang 237-257 - 2008
Light gradients are ubiquitous in nature, so all plants are exposed to some
degree of shade during their lifetime. The minimum light required for survival,
shade tolerance, is a crucial life-history trait that plays a major role in
plant community dynamics. There is consensus on the suites of traits that
influence shade tolerance, but debate over the relative importance of traits
maximizing photos...
Landscapes and Riverscapes: The Influence of Land Use on Stream Ecosystems
Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics - Tập 35 Số 1 - Trang 257-284 - 2004
▪ Abstract Local habitat and biological diversity of streams and rivers are
strongly influenced by landform and land use within the surrounding valley at
multiple scales. However, empirical associations between land use and stream
response only varyingly succeed in implicating pathways of influence. This is
the case for a number of reasons, including (a) covariation of anthropogenic and
natural g...
Systematic and Biogeographical Patterns in the Reproductive Biology of Scleractinian Corals
Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics - Tập 40 Số 1 - Trang 551-571 - 2009
A limited diversity of character states for reproductive traits and a robust
phylogeny make scleractinian corals an ideal model organism with which to
explore the evolution of life-history traits. Here, we explore systematic and
biogeographical patterns in the reproductive biology of the Scleractinia within
the context of a new molecular phylogeny and using reproductive traits from
nearly 400 spec...
Woody Plant Diversity, Evolution, and Ecology in the Tropics: Perspectives from Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests
Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics - Tập 40 Số 1 - Trang 437-457 - 2009
This review suggests that the ecology and patchy global distribution of
seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) has distinctively structured the
evolutionary history and biogeography of woody plant groups that are confined to
it. SDTFs have few widespread woody plant species causing high β-diversity
between separate areas of forests. These separate areas contain geologically
old, monophyletic clades...
Social Organization and Parasite Risk in Mammals: Integrating Theory and Empirical Studies
Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics - Tập 34 Số 1 - Trang 517-547 - 2003
▪ Abstract Mammals are exposed to a diverse array of parasites and infectious
diseases, many of which affect host survival and reproduction. Species that live
in dense populations, large social groups, or with promiscuous mating systems
may be especially vulnerable to infectious diseases owing to the close proximity
and higher contact rates among individuals. We review the effects of host
density...
Species Distribution Models: Ecological Explanation and Prediction Across Space and Time
Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics - Tập 40 Số 1 - Trang 677-697 - 2009
Species distribution models (SDMs) are numerical tools that combine observations
of species occurrence or abundance with environmental estimates. They are used
to gain ecological and evolutionary insights and to predict distributions across
landscapes, sometimes requiring extrapolation in space and time. SDMs are now
widely used across terrestrial, freshwater, and marine realms. Differences in
met...
The Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity in Flowing Freshwater Systems
Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics - Tập 48 Số 1 - Trang 111-133 - 2017
Ongoing increases in air temperature and changing precipitation patterns are
altering water temperatures and flow regimes in lotic freshwater systems, and
these changes are expected to continue in the coming century. Freshwater taxa
are responding to these changes at all levels of biological organization. The
generation of appropriate hydrologic and water temperature projections is
critical to acc...
Unifying and Testing Models of Sexual Selection
Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics - Tập 37 Số 1 - Trang 43-66 - 2006
Sexual reproduction is associated with the evolution of anisogamy and
sperm-producing males and egg-laying females. The ensuing competition for mates
has led to sexual selection and coevolution of the sexes. Mathematical models
are extensively used to test the plausibility of different complicated scenarios
for the evolution of sexual traits. Unfortunately, the diversity of models is
now itself eq...
Stoichiometry and Nutrition of Plant Growth in Natural Communities
Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics - Tập 39 Số 1 - Trang 153-170 - 2008
Stoichiometric relations in plants, with emphasis on C:N:P, are reviewed. Both
theoretically and empirically it is found for whole plants as well as for
different tissues that nitrogen concentrations increase slower than phosphorus
concentrations. A lack of data prevents the establishment of relations between
nitrogen and other elements. Optimal element ratios where elements are
simultaneously lim...
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