Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences

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Environment and Climate of Early Human Evolution
Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences - Tập 43 Số 1 - Trang 405-429 - 2015
Naomi E. Levin
Evaluating the relationships between climate, the environment, and human traits is a key part of human origins research because changes in Earth's atmosphere, oceans, landscapes, and ecosystems over the past 10 Myr shaped the selection pressures experienced by early humans. In Africa, these relationships have been influenced by a combination of high-latitude ice distributions, sea surface ...... hiện toàn bộ
Biomarker Records Associated with Mass Extinction Events
Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences - Tập 44 Số 1 - Trang 581-612 - 2016
Jessica H. Whiteside, Kliti Grice
The history of life on Earth is punctuated by a series of mass extinction episodes that vary widely in their magnitude, duration, and cause. Biomarkers are a powerful tool for the reconstruction of historical environmental conditions and can therefore provide insights into the cause and responses to ancient extinction events. In examining the five largest mass extinctions in the geologica...... hiện toàn bộ
PATTERNS OF ALLUVIAL RIVERS
Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences - Tập 13 Số 1 - Trang 5-27 - 1985
Stanley A. Schumm
The Origin(s) of Whales
Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences - Tập 38 Số 1 - Trang 189-219 - 2010
Mark D. Uhen
Whales are first found in the fossil record approximately 52.5 million years ago (Mya) during the early Eocene in Indo-Pakistan. Our knowledge of early and middle Eocene whales has increased dramatically during the past three decades to the point where hypotheses of whale origins can be supported with a great deal of evidence from paleontology, anatomy, stratigraphy, and molecular biology....... hiện toàn bộ
Groundwater Age and Groundwater Age Dating
Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences - Tập 36 Số 1 - Trang 121-152 - 2008
Craig M. Bethke, Thomas M. Johnson
A new way of thinking about groundwater age is changing the field of groundwater age dating. Following a rigorous definition of age, a groundwater sample is seen not as water that recharged the flow regime at a point in the past, but as a mixture of waters that have resided in the subsurface for varying lengths of time. This recognition resolves longstanding inconsistencies encountered in...... hiện toàn bộ
The Fossil Record of Plant-Insect Dynamics
Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences - Tập 41 Số 1 - Trang 287-311 - 2013
Conrad C. Labandeira, Ellen D. Currano
Progress toward understanding the dynamics of ancient plant-insect associations has addressed major patterns in the ecology and evolution of herbivory and pollination. This advancement involves development of more analytical ways of describing plant-insect associational patterns in time and space and an assessment of the role that the environment and internal biological processes have in t...... hiện toàn bộ
Chemical Geodynamics
Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences - Tập 14 Số 1 - Trang 493-571 - 1986
Alan Zindler, S. R. Hart
Continental Lower Crust
Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences - Tập 43 Số 1 - Trang 167-205 - 2015
Bradley R. Hacker, P. B. Kelemen, M. D. Behn
The composition of much of Earth's lower continental crust is enigmatic. Wavespeeds require that 10–20% of the lower third is mafic, but the available heat-flow and wavespeed constraints can be satisfied if lower continental crust elsewhere contains anywhere from 49 to 62 wt% SiO2. Thus, contrary to common belief, the lower crust in many regions could be relatively fe...... hiện toàn bộ
Refractory Inclusions in the Allende Meteorite
Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences - Tập 8 Số 1 - Trang 559-608 - 1980
Lawrence Grossman
THE PLATE TECTONIC APPROXIMATION: Plate Nonrigidity, Diffuse Plate Boundaries, and Global Plate Reconstructions
Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences - Tập 26 Số 1 - Trang 615-642 - 1998
Richard G. Gordon
▪ Abstract  The central assumption of plate tectonics, that plate interiors are rigid, remains a useful but uncertain approximation. Strain rates of stable plate interiors are bounded between 10−12–10−11 year−1 and ∼4 × 10−10 year−1. The narrowness of all plate boundaries, the other ma...... hiện toàn bộ
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